ORD 86-06 STATE ENERGY CODE0045.
WaT:jt
01/27/86
ORDINANCE NO. 86-06
AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY OF WINSLOW, WASHINGTON,
AMENDING SECTION 15.04.020(G) TO ADOPT THE STATE
ENERGY CODE AS ADOPTED BY THE STATE BUILDING CODE
COUNCIL; AND ESTABLISHING AN EFFECTIVE DATE OF
APRIL 1, 1986.
WHEREAS, State law requires the City to adopt the State
Energy Code, and
WHEREAS, the State Building Code Council has made
revisions pursuant to State authorization, and
WHEREAS, the City finds that the following code will be
in the best interests of the public health, safety and general
welfare, now, therefore,
THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF WINSLOW, WASHINGTON, DO
ORDAIN AS FOLLOWS:
Section 1. Section 15.04.020(G) of the Winslow
Municipal Code is hereby amended to read as follows:
The State Energy Code, as adopted by the State
Building Code Council, November 15, 1985.
Section 2. Pursuant to RCW 55A.12.140 the City Clerk
shall authenticate and record along with this adopting ordinance
a copy of WAC 51.12, the State Energy Code. In addition not less
than one copy of said code has been and shall remain on file in
the office of the City Clerk for use and examination by the
public.
Section 5. This ordinance, or summary thereof consist-
ing of the title, shall be published in the official newspaper of
the City and shall be effective on and after April 1, 1986, which
is more than five days after passage and publication as provided
herein.
APPROVED:
ATTEST/AUTHENT ICATED:
C~TY CEE~f, DONNA J~AN/~ BUXTON
APPROVED AS TO FORM:
OFFICE OF THE CITY ATTORNEY:
L~THE CITY CLERK: January 50 , 1986
PASSED BY THE CITY COUNCIL: February 20, 1986
PUBLISHED: February 26, 1986
EFFECTIVE DATE: April 1, 1986
ORDINANCE NO. 86-06
'r
Washington State
(4) Any ((CRN)) ARNP with prescriptive authoriza-
tion who prescribes Schedule V controlled substances
shall register with the drug enforcement administration
and the pharmacy board.
AMENDATORY SECTION (Amending Order PL
410. filed 11/3/82)
WAG 308-120-430 TERMINATION OF ARNP
pRESCRIPTIVE AUTHORIZATION. Prescriptive
authorization may be terminated by the board when the
((C-.R-~)) ARNP with prescriptive authority has:
(I) Not maintained current designation as ((a CRN))
an ARNP in the area of certification; or
(2) Prescribed outside the ((CR.N)) ARNP scope of
practice or for other than therapeutic purposes; or (3) Violated provisions of RCW 18.88,230i
(4) Violated any state or federal law or regulations
applicable to prescriptions.
AMENDATORY SECTION (Amending Order PL
410, filed 11/3/82)
WAC 308-120-440 PRESCRIPTIVE AUTHORI-
ZATION PERIOD. (I) Prescriptive authorization shall
be for a period of two years.
(2) Initial authorization shall expire on the applicant's
((~,,c,~nd bl. thda.v follo~,i.g initial a.tho. iLation)) re_.
newal date for ARNP designation.
(3) ((Subs,.qa,..t ,cde~al pc, iods shall c^pi.c oa the
apptica~it% bi.thday ¢,~ty two yca.~.
(-t~)) Authorization shall be renewed after the appli-
cant meets the requirements of WAC 308-120-450.
AMENDATORY SECTION (Amending Order PL
410, filed 11/3/82)
WAC 308-120-450 RENEWAL. ((CRN)) ARNP
with prescriptive authorization shall be renewed every
two years. For renewal of ARNP with prescriptive au-
thorization, the ((aFFllca,iQ) licensee shall:
(1) ((Mai,itMa ~.u,,~.nt CRN dcsig.atlo,t.)) Meet the
requirements of WAC 308-120-345 (1), (2), and
(2) Provide documentation of ((cish;.)) fifteen addi-
tional contact hours of continuing education during the
renewal period in ((pha,,,,aeology and eli,deal ,nanagc-
,,,cnt of da ug th,.,.py}) pharmacotherapeutics related to
((,xpplicant's ,.,.a of c,.,tifi,.ation)) licensee's scope of
practice. This continuing education ((~cquit~..,c,,t)) shall
((be i,~ addition to that teq,~i.cd fur ccno~al d CRN
d,.si~,,ati,,n)) meet the requirements of WAC 308-120--
410(3)(a). ((Co,tti,,uing cducatio,, shall bcdc, ivcd f .....
any cod,bi,~atio,~ of the following. ,xppiu~ed by the
(a) Fo, i,,al acadc,.,ie study:
(b) Conti,mi,g cducatiu., ,/tt'e~ ings.
(e) Othc~ lc,~, nine ,~cti~,ities.))
(3) Submit a completed and notarizcd renewal appli-
cation with nonrefundable fee((. As ~Fc{ified in WAC
308-120-260)) as specified in WAC 308 120~275. If
the licensee fails to renew his or her prescriptive author-
ization prior to the expiration date, then the individual is
subject to the late renewal fee specified in WAC 308-
120-275.
Register, Issue 85-24
WSR 85--24-028
REPEALER
The following section of the Washington Administra-
tive Code is repealed:
WAC 308-120-355 TERMINATION OF CERTI-
FICATION BY THE CERTIFICATION
PROGRAM,
WSR 85-24-028
ADOPTED RULES
BUILDING CODE COUNCIL
[Order 85-14--Filed November 26, 1985]
Be it resolved by the State Building Code Council.
acting at the Kent City Hall. Kent. Washington, that it
does adopt the annexed rules relating to adoption of
amendments to the Washington State Energy Code,
chapter 51-12 WAC.
This action is taken pursuant to Notice No. WSR 85-
18-068 filed with the code reviser on September 4, 1985.
These rules shall take effect thirty days after they are
filed with the code reviser pursuant to RCW
34.04.040(2).
This rule is promulgated pursuant to chapter 144.
Laws of 1985, and is intended to administratively imple-
ment that statute.
This rule is promulgated pursuant to section 2. chap-
ter 144, Laws of 1985, which directs that the State
Building Code Council has authority to implement the
provisions of chapter 144, Laws of 1985.
The undersigned hereby declares that the agency has
complied with the provisions of the Open Public Meet-
ings Act (chapter 42.30 RCW), the Administrative Pro-
cedure Act (chapter 34.04 RCW). and the State
Register Act (chapter 34.08 RCW) in the adoption of
these rules.
APPROVED AND ADOPTED November 15, 1985.
By Lynn Carmichael
Chair
Chapter 51~12 WAC
WASHINGTON STATE ENERGY CODE
Chapter 1
ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT
Scope and General Requirements
WAC
51 - 12- 100 Section 100. Title.
51-12-101 Section 101. Intent.
51 - 12-102 Section 102. Scope.
5 I~12-103 Section 103. Conflicts with Other
Codes.
51~12~104
51-12-105
51-12-106
51-12-107
Section 104. Materials and
Equipment.
Section 105. Alternate Materials~
Method of Construction, Design or
Insulating Systems.
Section 106. Plans and Specifications.
Section 107. Inspections and
Enforcement.
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WSR *15-24-028
Washington State Register. Issue 85-24
51-12-108
51-12-109
51-12-110
51-12-200
51-12-201
51-12-202
51-12-203
51-12-204
51-12-205
51-12-206
51-12-207
51-12-208
51-12-209
51-12-210
51-12-211
51-12-212
51-12-213
51-12-214
51-12-215
51-12-216
51-12-217
51-12-218
51-12-219
51-12-220
5[-12-22l
51-12-222
51-12-223
51-12-300
51-12-301
51-12-302
51-12-303
51-12-304
51-12-305
Section 108. Severability.
Section 109. Violations.
Section 110. Liability.
Chapter 2
DEFINITIONS
Section 200. General.
Section 201. A.
Section 202.
Section 203. C-
Section 204. D.
Section 205, E.
Section 206, F. (Reserved)
Section 207. G.
Section 208. H.
Section 209. I.
Section 210. J. (Reserved).
Section 21 I. K. (Reserved).
Section 212. L.
Section 213. M.
Section 214. N.
Section 215. O.
Section 216. P.
Section 217. Q, (Reserved).
Section 218. R.
Section 219. S.
Section 220. T.
Section 221, U.
Section 222. V.
Section 223. W X Y Z.
Chapter 3
DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
Section 300. General.
Section 301. Heated and Cooled
Buildings.
Section 302. Climatic Zones.
Section 303. Departures.
Section 304. Design Parameters.
Section 305. Ventilation.
Chapter 4
51-12-400
51-12-401
51-12-402
51-12-403
51-12-404
51-12-405
51-12-406
51-12-407
51-12-408
BUILDING DESIGN BY COMPONENT
PERFORMANCE APPROACH
(Standard Design)
Section 400. General,
Section 401. (Reserved).
Section 402. Overall Thermal Per-
formance and Building Envelope
Requirements.
Section 403. Thermal Performance
Criteria and Envelope Requirements
for Low-rise Residential Buildings.
Section 404. Thermal Performance
Criteria for All Other Occupancies.
Section 405. Air Leakage tbr All
Buildings. ;
Section 406. Building Mechanical
Systems.
Section 407, Calculations of Heating
and Cooling Loads and System Siz-
ing Limits.
Section 408. (Reserved).
51 - 12-409 Section 409. Simultaneous Heating
and Cooling.
51 - 12-410 Section 410. Energy Recovery.
51-I 2-41 I Section 411. HVAC Equipment Per-
formance Requirements.
51 - 12-412 Section 412. Energy for Air Delivery.
51-12-413 Section 413. Balancing.
51-12-414 Section 414. Cooling with Outdoor
Air (Economizer Cycle).
51-12-415 Section 415. Controls.
51-12-416 Section 416. Air Handling Duct Sys-
tem Insulation.
51 - 12-417 Section 417. Duct Construction.
51 - 12-418 Section 418. Piping Insulation.
51 - 12-419 Section 419. (Reserved).
51-12-420 Section 420. Water Heaters, Storage
Tanks, Boilers, and Piping.
51 - 12-421 Section 421, Pump Operation.
51-12-422 Section 422. Pipe Insulation.
51 -I 2-423 Section 423. Conservation of Hot
Water.
51 - 12-424 Section 424. Electrical Power and
Lighting.
5 I-I 2-425 Section 425. Lighting Switching.
51-I 2-426 Section 426. Lighting Power Budget2
Chapter 5
BUILDING DESIGN BY SYSTEMS ANALYSIS
AND BUILDING UTILIZING NONDEPLETABLE
ENERGY SOURCES
51-12-500 Section 500. General.
5 I-12-501 Section 501. Energy Analysis.
51-12-502 Section 502. Design.
5 l- 12-503 Section 503. Analysis Procedure.
5 I-I 2-504 Section 504. Calculation Procedure.
51-12-505 Section 505. Documentation.
51-12-506 Section 506. Buildings Utilizing
Nondepletable Energy.
51 - 12-507 Section 507. Documentation--Build-
ings Using Nondepletable Energy
Sources.
Chapter 6
PRESCRIPTIVE REQUIREMENIS APPROACH
51-12-600 Section 600. General.
51 - 12-601 Section 60 I. Low-rise Residential
Building Envelope Requirements.
51-12-602 Section 602. Low-rise Residential
Building Mechanical Systems.
51-12-603 Section 603. Low-rise Residential
Building Service Water Heating.
5 I-I 2-604 Section 604. Low-rise Residential
Building Electrical Power and
Lighting.
5 I-I 2-605 Section 605. Building Envelope Re-
quirements for Other than Low-rise
Residential Buildings.
51-12-606 Section 606. Building Mechanical
Systems Requirements for Other
than Low-rise Residential Buildings.
51-12-607 Section 607. Service Water Heating
Requirement for Other than Low-
rise Residential Buildings.
1761
Washington State Register, Issue 85-24 WSR 85-24-028
51-12-608
Section 608. Electrical Power and
Lighting Requirements for Other
than Low-rise Residential Buildings.
CHAPTER 1
ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT
Scope and General Requirements
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-100 SECTION 10ft TITLE.
This Code shall be known as the "State Energy Code"
and may be cited as such; and will be referred to herein
as "this Code."
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-101 SECTION 101. INTENT.
The purpose of this Code is to provide minimum
standards for new or altered buildings and structures or
portions thereof to achieve efficient use of energy.
It is intended that these provisions provide flexibility
to permit the use of innovative approaches and tech-
niques to achieve effective utilization of energy. These
provisions are structured to permit compliance with the
intent of this Code by any one of the three paths of
design.
Compliance with any one of these paths meets the in-
tent of this Code. This Code is not intended to abridge
any safety or health requirements required under any
other applicable codes or ordinances.
The provisions of this Code do not consider the effi-
ciency of various energy forms as they are delivered to
the building envelope. A determination of delivered en-
ergy efficiencies in conjunction with this Code will pro-
vide the most efficient use of available energy in new
building construction.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-102 SECTION 102. SCOPE.
This Code sets forth minimum requirements for the
design of new buildings and structures that provide fa-
cilities or shelter for public assembly, educational, busi-
ness, mercantile, institutional, storage and residential
occupancies, as well as those portions of factory and in-
dustrial occupancies designed primarily for human occu-
pancy by regulating their exterior envelopes and the
selection of their HVAC, service water heating, electri-
cal distribution and illuminating systems and equipment
for effective use of energy.
Buildings shall be designed to compl? ~ith the re-
quirements of either Chapter 4, 5, or 6 of this Code.
(a) Exempt Buildings. Buildings and ,tructures
or portions thereof meeting an~ ,ff the fol-
lowing criteria shall be exempt from the
building envelope requirements of Sections
402 to 405 inclusive, and Sectionh 601 and
605, but shall comply with all other require-
ments for building mechanical ,>stems,
service water heating and lighting ,~,tems.
(b)
1. Buildings and structures or portions
thereof whose peak design rate of en-
ergy usage is less than three and four
tenths (3.4) Btu/h per square foot or
one point zero (1.0) watt per square
foot of floor area for all purposes.
2. Buildings and structures or portions
thereof which are neither heated nor
cooled by a depictable energy source,
including buildings heated with wood
with installed back-up or supplement-
al heating utilizing a depictable ener-
gy source provided that: the depictable
energy use complies with the require-
ments of exemption ( I ).
Application to Existing Buildings.
1. Additions to Existing Buildings. Addi-
tions to existing buildings or struc-
tures may be made to such buildings
or structures without making the en-
tire building or structure comply, pro-
vided that the new additions shall
conform to the provisions of this Code.
2. Historic Buildings. The Building Offi-
cial may modify the specific require-
ments of this Code for historic
buildings and require in lieu thereof
alternate requirements which will re-
sult in a reasonable degree of energy
efficiency. This modification may be
allowed for those buildings which have
been specifically designated as histori-
cally significant by the state or local
governing body, or listed in "The Na-
tional Register of Historic Places" or
which have been determined to be eli-
gible for listing.
3. Alterations and Repairs.
Initial tenant alterations shall comply
with the new construction require-
ments of this Code. Other alterations
and repairs may be made to existing
buildings without making the entire
building comply with all of the re-
quirements of this Code for new
buildings, provided the following re-
quirements are met:
A. Building Envelope. The result of
the alterations or repairs (I) im-
proves the energy efficiency of the
building and (2) complies with
the overall average thermal tran-
smitlance values of the gross area
of the elements of the exterior
building envelope in Table
4-3, or 4-4 of Chapter 4 or the
nominal R values in Tables 6-1
or 6-5 and U values in Table 6-2
or glazing requirements in Table
6-5 of Chapter 6. Where the
structural elements of the altered
portions of roof/ceiling, wall or
1771
WSE 85-24-028 Washington State Register, Issue 85-24
floor are not being replaced, these
elements shall be deemed to
comply with this Code if all ex-
isting framing cavities which are
exposed during construction are
filled to the full depth with batt
insulation or insulation having an
equivalent nominal R value
while, for roof/ceilings, main-
taining the required space for
ventilation. Existing roof/ceil-
ings, walls and floors without
framing cavities need not be in-
sulated.
B. Building Mechanical Systems.
Those parts of systems which are
altered or replaced shall comply
with this Code. Heating equip-
ment efficiencies for low-rise res-
idential occupancy buildings shall
comply with the minimum eft[-
ciency requirements of Table 6~,.
C. Service Water Heating. Those
parts of systems which are alter-
ed or replaced shall comply with
Section 420.
D. Lighting. Those parts of systems
which are altered or replaced in
buildings initially constructed
subject to the requirements of
this Code shall comply with Sec-
tion 425. Other remodels or re-
placements of lighting systems
which are part of a substantial
remodel shall comply with Sec-
tion 425. In addition; other
remodels or replacements which
affect the lighting system of an
entire floor shall comply with the
lighting power budgets specified
in Table No. 4-18.
The Building Official may up-
prove designs of alterations or re-
pairs which do not fully conform
with all of the requirements of
this Code where in his/her opin-
ion full conformance is physically
impossible and/or economically
impractical and: (I) the alter-
ation or repair improves the en-
ergy efficiency of the building; or
(2) the alteration or repair is en-
ergy efficient and is necessary for
the health, safety, and welfare of
the general public.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-103 SECTION 103. CONFLICTS
WITH OTHER CODES.
In addition to the requirements of this Code, buildings
must conform to the provisions included in the State
I781
Building Code (chapter 19.27 RCW and chapter 51-16
WAC). In case of conflicts between the Codes listed in
chapter 51-16 WAC and this Code, the provisions of the
Codes listed in chapter 51-16 WAC shall govern. Pro-
vided, in the case of conflict between the ventilation re-
quirements of this Code and ventilation requirements of
Sections 605, 705, 905 and 1205 of the Uniform Build-
ing Code, and the duct insulation requirements of this
Code and the duct insulation requirements of Section
1005 of the Uniform Mechanical Code, the ventilation
and duct insulation requirements of this Code, or where
applicable, a local jurisdiction's energy code shall
govern.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-104 SECTION 104. MATERIALS
AND EQUIPMENT.
(a) Identification. All materials and equipment
shall bc identified in order to show compli-
ancc with this Code.
(b) Maintenance Information. Required regular
maintenance actions shall bc clearly stated
and incorporated on a readily accessible In-
bel. Such label may be limited to identify-
ing, by title or publication number, the
operation and maintenance manual for that
particular model and type of product. Main-
tenance instructions shall be furnished for
any equipment which requires preventive
maintenance for efficient operation.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-105 SECTION 105. ALTERNATE
MATERIALS--METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION,
DESIGN OR INSULATING SYSTEMS.
The provisions of this Code are not intended to pre-
vent the use of any material, method of construction,
design or insulating system not specifically prescribed
herein, provided that such construction, design or insu-
lating system has been approved by the Building Official
as meeting the intent of the Code.
The Building Official may require that sufficient evi-
dence or proof be submitted to substantiate any claims
that may be made regarding performance capabilities.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-106 SECT[ON 106. PLANS AND
SPECIFICATIONS.
(a) General. When required by the Building Of-
ficial, plans and specifications shall be sub-
milled with each application for a building
permit. The Building Official may require
plans and specifications be prepared by an
engineer or architect licensed to practice by
the state. All energy calculations submitted
under the provisions of Chapter 5 for other
than low-rise residential occupancy build-
ings shall be prepared by an engineer or ar-
chitect licensed to practice by the state. All
plans and specifications, together with sup-
porting data, shall be submitted to the
Washington State Register, Issue 85-24
WSR 85-24-028
Building Official prior to issuance of a
building permit.
(b) Details. The plans and specifications shall
show in sufficient detail all pertinent data
and features of the building and the equip-
ment and systems as herein governed in-
cluding, but not limited to: design criteria,
exterior envelope component materials, U
values of the envelope systems, R values of
insulating materials, size and type of appa-
ratus and equipment, equipment and sys-
tems controls and other pertinent data to
indicate conformance with the requirements
of this Code,
(c) The Building Official may accept the profes-
sional stamp of an architect or engineer li-
censed to do business in the state in lieu of a
plan and specification check if the engineer
or architect stipulates to the best of his
knowledge, understanding, and belief, the
design meets the requirements of this Code.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-107 SECTION 107. INSPECTIONS
AND ENFORCEMENT.
(a) General. All construction or work for which
a permit is required shall be subject to in-
spection by the Building Official.
(b) Authority. Local legislative authorities are
authorized and directed to enforce this
Code. Local legislative authorities are auth-
orized to promulgate, adopt, and issue those
rules and regulations necessary to the effec-
tive and efficient administration of this
Code.
(c) Inspections. All buildings constructed under
the provisions of this Code are subject to a
final inspection for compliance with this
Code. The Building Official has the authori-
ty to establish procedures for accepting sub-
stantial compliance with this Code in lieu of
a final inspection.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-108 SECTION 108. SEVERABILI-
TY.
If any provision of this Code or its application to any
person or circumstance is held invalid, the remainder of
this Code or the application of the provision to other
persons or circumstances is not affected.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-109 SECTION 109. VIOLATIONS.
It shall be unlawful for any person. firm, or corpora-
tion to erect or construct any building, or remodel or ~'e-
habilitate any existing building or structure in the state,
or allow the same to be done, contrary to or in violation
of any of the provisions of this Code.
EXCEPTION: As provided in section 3, chapter 144,
Laws of 1985, a city, town or county may adopt an al-
ternative energy code if the conditions set forth in the
statute are met. If a less energy efficient alternate energy
code is adopted on the basis that this Code is not cost-
effective, the city, town, or county shall submit docu-
mentation of the relative cost-effectiveness to the State
Building Code Council for review and comment prior to
adoption.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-110 SECTION 110. LIABILITY.
Nothing contained in this Code is intended to be nor
shall be construed to create or form the basis for any li-
ability on the part of any city or county or its officers,
employees or agents, for any injury or damage resulting
from the failure of a building to conform to the provi-
sions of this Code.
CHAPTER 2
DEFINITIONS
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-200 SECTION 200. GENERAL.
For the purpose of this Code, certain abbreviations,
terms, phrases, words and their derivatives shall be con-
strued as specified in this section. Words used in the sin-
gular include the plural and the plural the singular.
Words used in the masculine gender include the femi-
nine and the feminine the masculine.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-201 SECTION 201. A.
ACCESSIBLE (as applied to Equipment). Allowing
close approach, not guarded by locked doors, elevation
or other effective means. (See READILY
ACCESSIBLE.)
AIR CONDITIONING. The process of treating air
so as to control simultaneously its temperature, humidi-
ty, cleanliness and distribution to meet requirements of
the conditioned space.
AIR TRANSPORT FACTOR. The ratio of the rate
of useful sensible heat removal from the conditioned
space to the energy input to the supply and return fan
motor(s), expressed in consistent units and under the
designated operating conditions.
ANNUAL FUEL UTILIZATION EFFICIENCY
(AFUE). The amount of energy delivered to the dwell-
ing in the form of useable heat, as a percentage of the
total energy input of the fuel consumed. AFUE refers to
a performance rating required under the provision of the
National Energy Policy and Conservation Act
(NECPA), Pub. L95-619. AFUE's taken from the "En-
ergy Guide" published by the Gas Appliance Manufac-
turers' Association (GAMA) meet this definition.
AFUE's apply to all central residential sized furnaces
(inputs of less than 225,000 Btu/h).
ASHRAE. American Society of Heating, Refrigera-
tion, and Air Conditioning Engineers, Inc.
AUTOMATIC. Self-acting, operating by its own
mechanism when actuated by some impersonal influence.
as for example, a change in current strength, pressure,
temperature or mechanical configuration.
[79]
WS~ 85-24-028
Washington State Register, Issue 85-24
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-202 SECTION 202. B.
BOILER CAPACITY. The rate of heat output in
Btu/h measured at the boiler outlet at the design pres-
sure and/or temperature and rated fuel input.
BUILDING ENVELOPE. The elements of a building
which enclose conditioned spaces through which thermal
energy may be transferred to or from the exterior.
BUILDING OFFICIAL. The officer or other desig-
nated authority charged with the administration and en-
forcement of this Code, or his duly authorized
representative.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-203 SECTION 203. C.
CLERESTORY. A window placed high in a wall or
projecting from a roof plane, to admit daylight into the
interior of a building.
COEFFICIENT OF PERFORMANCE (COP). See
Section 411 for various definitions of COP.
CONDITIONED SPACE. Any horizontal or vertical
projection or any combination of that portion of interior
space which is contained within exterior walls and which
is heated or cooled directly or indirectly by an energy-
using system.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-204 SECTION 204. D.
DEGREE DAY, HEATING (DDH). A unit, based
upon temperature difference and time, used in estimat-
ing fuel consumption and specifying nominal heating
load of a building in winter. For any one day, when the
mean temperature is less than 65°F there exist as many
Degree Days as there are Fahrenheit degrees difference
in temperature between the mean temperature for the
day and 65°F.
DEPLETABLE ENERGY SOURCES. (See ENER-
GY SOURCES).
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-205 SECTION 205. E.
EFFICIENCY, OVERALL SYSTEM. The ratio of
the useful energy (at the point of use) to the thermal
energy input for a designated time period, expressed in
percent.
ENERGY. The capacity for doing work, taking a
number of forms which may be transformed from one
into another, such as thermal (heat), mechanical (work),
electrical; in customary units, measured in kilowatt-
hours (kWh) or British thermal units (Btu).
ENERGY EFFICIENCY RATIO (EER). The ratio
of net cooling capacity in Btu/h to total rate of electric
input in watts under designated operating conditions.
When International System of units are used this be-
comes equal to COP. (See COP).
ENERGY SOURCES. Nondepletable energy sources
are sources of energy (excluding minerals) derived from:
(1) incoming solar radiation, including, but not limited
to, natural daylighting and photosynthetic processes, (2)
energy sources resulting from wind, waves and tides,
lake or pond thermal differences; and (3) energy derived
from the internal heat of the earth, including nocturnal
thermal exchanges. Depictable energy sources are all
other sources including natural gas, oil, coal, liquified
petroleum gas, and any utility-supplied electricity.
Wood is a nondepletable energy source within the limi-
tations of Section 102 (a)2.
ENERGY, NEW. {See NEW ENERGY).
ENERGY, RECOVERED. (See RECOVERED
ENERGY).
EXFILTRATION. The uncontrolled outward air
leakage through cracks and interstices in any building
element such as around soleplates, wall outlets, duct
systems, windows and doors of a building, caused by the
pressure effects of wind and/or the effect of differences
in the indoor and outdoor air density.
EXTERIOR ENVELOPE. (See BUILDING
ENVELOPE).
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-206
SERVED).
SECTION 206, F. (RE-
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-207 SECTION 207. G.
GENERAL LIGHTING. Lighting designed to pro-
vide an approximately uniform level of illumination in
an area.
GLAZING AREA. Total area of glazing measured
using the rough opening and including the glass, the
sash, and the frame.
GROSS FLOOR AREA. The sum of the areas of the
floors of the building, including basements, mezzanine
and intermediate-floored tiers and penthouses of head-
room height, measured from the exterior faces of exteri-
or walls or from the centerline of walls separating
buildings: PROVIDED, That:
Covered walkways, open roofed-over areas,
porches and similar spaces and features such
as pipe trenches, exterior terraces or steps,
chimneys, roof overhangs, etc., shall be
excluded.
GROSS WALL AREA. The vertical projection of the
exterior wall area bonncling interior space which is con-
ditioned by an energy-using system; includes opaque
wail, window, clerestory, and door areas. The gross area
of exterior wails consists of all opaque wall areas, in-
cluding fully insulated foundation walls above and below
grade, between floor spandrels, peripheral edges of
floors, window areas, including sash, and door areas,
where such surfaces are exposed to outdoor air and en-
close a heated or mechanically cooled space including
interstitial areas between two such spaces.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-208 SECTION 208. H.
HEAT. The form of energy that is transferred by vir-
tue of a temperature difference.
HEAT STORAGE CAPACITY. The ability of mass
to absorb heat during overheated periods and store it for
1801
Washington State Register, Issue 85-24 WSR 85-24-028
release during underheated periods, as calculated in Sec.
402 (d)6.
HEATED SLAB. A slab on grade containing heated
pipes, ducts, or electric heating cables that constitute a
radiant slab or portion thereof for complete or partial
heating of the structure.
HEATED SPACE. Space, within a building, which is
provided with a positive heat supply to maintain air
temperature of 50°F (10°C) or higher.
HEATING SEASON PERFORMANCE FACTOR
(HSPF). The total heating output (in BTU) of a heat
pump during its normal annual usage period for heating
divided by the total (watt hour) electric power input
during the same period. When specified in BTU output
per watt hour input, an HSPF of 6.826 is equivalent to
an HSPF of 2.0 watt hour output per watt hour input.
HUMIDISTAT. An instrument which measures
changes in humidity and controls a device(s) for main-
taining a desired humidity.
HVAC. Heating, ventilating and air conditioning,
HVAC SYSTEM. A system that provides either col-
lectively or individually the processes of comfort heating,
ventilating, and/or air conditioning within or associated
with a building.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-209 SECTION 209. I.
INFILTRATION, The uncontrolled inward air leak-
age through cracks and interstices in any building ele-
ment and around soleplates, wall outlets, duct systems,
windows and doors of a building, caused by the pressure
effects of wind and/or the effect of differences in the in-
door and outdoor air density.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-210
SERVED).
SECTION 210. J. (RE-
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-211
SERVED).
SECTION 21 I. K. (RE-
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-212 SECTION 212. L.
LOW-RISE RESIDENTIAL. Single and multifam-
ily occupancy (R-3 and R-l) in buildings three stories
or less.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-213 SECTION 213. M.
MANUAL. Capable of being operated by personal
intervention.
NEW SECTION ,
WAC 51-12-214 SECTION 214. N.
NEW ENERGY. Energy, other than recovered ener-
gy, utilized for the purpose of heating or cooling.
NONDEPLETABLE ENERGY SOURCES. (See
ENERGY SOURCES).
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-215 SECTION 215. O.
OCCUPANCY. (See UBC definition.)
OPAQUE AREAS. All areas of a building envelope
which enclose conditioned space, except openings for
windows, skylights, doors and building service systems.
OUTSIDE AIR. Air taken from the outdoors and,
therefore, not previously circulated through the HVAC
system of a building or structure.
OVERALL SYSTEM EFFICIENCY. (See EFFI-
CIENCY, OVERALL SYSTEM.)
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-216 SECTION 216. P.
PACKAGED TERMINAL AIR-CONDITIONER.
A factory-assembled combination of heating and cooling
components, assemblies or sections, intended to serve a
room or a zone.
PASSIVE COOLING. Cooling, humidification, and/
or dehumidification of a conditioned space using mini-
mal mechanical assistance.
PERM. A measurement of water vapor permeability
for a particular material with a specific thickness. One
perm equals the transfer of one grain of water vapor
through one square foot of material in one hour with a
one inch mercury vapor pressure difference from one
side of the material to the other.
PERMEABILITY. Water vapor permeability is a
measure of the passage of water vapor through a sub-
stance. When permeability varies with psychrometric
conditions, the "spot" or "specific permeability" defines
the property at a specific condition. Permeability is
measured in perm inches.
POSITIVE HEAT SUPPLY. Heat supplied to a
space by design or by heat losses occurring from energy-
consuming systems or components associated with that
space.
POWER. In connection with machines, the time rate
of doing work. In connection with the transmission of
energy of all types, the rate at which energy is transmit-
ted; in customary units, it is measured in watts (w) or
British thermal units her hour (Btu/h).
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-217
SERVED).
SECTION 217. Q. (RE-
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-218 SECTION 218. R.
READILY ACCESSIBLE. Capable of being reached
quickly for operation, renewal, or inspections, without
requiring those to whom ready access is requisite to
climb over or remove obstacles or to resort to portable
ladders, chairs, etc. (See ACCESSIBLE.)
RECOMMEND. Suggest as appropriate; not
required.
RECOVERED ENERGY. Energy utilized which
would otherwise be wasted from an energy utilization
system.
[8tl
WSR 85-24-028
Washington State Register, Issue 85-24
REGISTERED ENGINEER. A professional engineer
licensed to practice in the state of Washington and
knowledgeable and skilled in the use of the methods and
practices associated with the specific engineering disci-
pline being practiced.
REHEAT. The application of sensible heat to supply
air that has been previously cooled below the tempera-
ture of the conditioned space by either mechanical re-
frigeration or the introduction of outdoor air to provide
cooling.
RESTAURANT. A building or portion of a building
principally used for the retail preparation and service of
food or beverages.
ROOF ELEMENT. A roof element shall be consid-
ered as a component of the roof/ceiling envelope, ex-
cluding clerestories, through which heat flows, thereby
creating a building transmission heat loss or gain, where
such assembly is exposed to outdoor air and encloses a
heated or mechanically cooled space.
ROOF ELEMENT. GROSS AREA OF. The gross
area of a roof element consists of the total interior sur-
face of such element, including skylights, excluding
clerestories, exposed to the heated or mechanically
cooled space.
ROOM AIR CONDITIONER. An encased assembly
designed as a unit primarily for mounting in a window
or through a wall, or as a console. It is designed primar-
ily to provide free delivery of conditioned air to an en-
closed space, room or zone. It includes a prime source of
refrigeration for cooling and dehumidification and means
for circulating and cleaning air, and may include means
for ventilating and heating.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-219 SECTION 219. S.
SEQUENCE. A consecutive series of operations.
SERVICE SYSTEMS. All energy-using systems in a
building that are operated to provide services for the oc-
cupants or processes housed therein, including HVAC,
service water heating, illumination, transportation, cook-
ing or food preparation, laundering or similar functions,
SERVICE WATER HEATING. Supply of hot water
for domestic or commercial purposes other than comfort
heating.
SERVICE WATER HEATING DEMAND. The
maximum design rate of energy withdrawal from a serv-
ice water heating system in a designated period of time
(usually an hour or a day).
SHADED. External protection of glazing area from
direct solar radiation by use of devices permanently af-
fixed to the structure or by an adjacent building, topo-
graphical feature or vegetation.
SHALL. Where shall is used in specific provision, that
provision is mandatory.
SHOULD. Not mandatory but desirable as good
practice.
SKYLIGHT. A clear or translucent panel or slope set
in the plane of a roof to admit daylight into the interior
of a building.
SLAB ON GRADE (in a heated space). Any portion
of a slab poured in contact with the ground where the
top of the finished slab is less than 12 inches below the
final elevation of the nearest exterior grade.
SOLAR ENERGY SOURCE. Source of thermal,
chemical or electrical energy derived directly from con-
version of incident solar radiation.
SUBSTANTIALLY REMODELED OR REHA-
BIL1TATED. Any alteration or restoration of a building
or structure within any 12 month period, the cost of
which exceeds 60 percent of the current replacement
value of the particular building or structure.
SYSTEM. A combination of equipment and/or con-
trols, accessories, interconnecting means, and terminal
elements by which energy is transformed so as to per-
form a specific function, such as HVAC, service water
heating or illumination.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-220 SECTION 220. T.
TERMINAL ELEMENT. The means by which the
transformed energy from a system is finally delivered;
i.e., registers, diffusers, lighting fixtures, faucets, etc.
THERMAL RESISTANCE (R). The resistance of a
material to heat flow, measured as the inverse of heat
flow per unit area, per unit time, per unit temperature
difference across the thickness of material considered. In
this Code, R has units of sq. ft. hr. °F/Btu.
THERMAL TRANSMITTANCE (U). Overall coef-
- ticlent of heat transmission (air to air) expressed in units
of Btu per hour per square foot per degree F. It is the
time rate of heat flow. The U value applies to combina-
tions of different materials used in series along the heat
flow path, single materials that comprise a building sec-
lion, cavity air spaces, and surface air films on both sides
of a building element.
THERMAL TRANSMITTANCE (Uo). Overall (av-
erage) heat transmission of a gross area of the exterior
building envelope, expressed in units of Btu per hour, per
degree F per square foot of exterior building envelope.
The Uo value applies to the combined effect of the
time rate of heat flows through the various parallel
paths, such as windows, doors, and opaque construction
areas, comprising the gross area of one or more exterior
building components such as walls, floors, or
roof/ceiling.
THERMOSTAT. An instrument which measures
changes in temperature and controls device(s) for main-
taining a desired temperature.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-221 SECTION 221. U.
U VALUE. See THERMAL TRANSMITTANCE.
UNIFORM BUILDING CODE. Regulations pro-
mulgated by the International Conference of Building
O~cials and covering the fire, life and structural safety
aspects of all buildings and related structures.
UNIFORM MECHANICAL CODE. Regulations
promulgated by the International Conference of Build-
lag O~cials and containing requirements for the instal-
lations and maintenance of heating, ventilation. cooling
and refrigeration systems.
Washington State
UNITARY COOLING AND HEATING EQUIP-
MENT. One or more factory-made assemblies which
may include an evaporator or cooling coil, a compressor
and condenser combination, and may include a heating
function as well. Where such equipment is provided in
more than one assembly, the separate assemblies shall be
designed to be used together.
UNITARY HEAT PUMP. One or more factory-
made assemblies which normally include an indoor con-
ditioning coil, compressor(s) and outdoor coil or refrig-
erant-to-water heat exchanger, including means to
provide both heating and cooling functions. It is de-
signed to provide the functions of air-circulating, air
cleaning, cooling and heating with controlled tempera-
ture, and dehumidifying, and may optionally include the
function of humidifying. When such equipment is pro-
vided in more than one assembly, the separate assem-
blies shall be designed to be used together.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-222 SECTION 222. V.
VAPOR BARRIER. See Vapor Retarder.
VAPOR RETARDER. A vapor retarder is a materi-
al, or a system of components within a building element,
which restricts the transfer of water vapor from one side
of the retarder to the other side with a rating of 1.0
perm dry cup rating or less.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-223 SECTION 223. W X Y Z.
WINDOW THERMAL TESTING. U values for
Class 75 or Class 60 glazing shall be the tested values
for thermal transmitlance due to conduction resulting
from either the American Architectural Manufacturers
Association (AAMA) 1503.1-1980 test procedure or the
American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) C236
or C976 test procedures; testing shall be conducted un-
der established winter horizontal heat flow test condi-
tions using the 15 mph wind speed and product sample
sizes specified under AAMA 1503.1-1980. Testing shall
be conducted by a certified testing laboratory. Sealed
insulating glass, where used, shall conform to ASTM E-
774-81 level C or better.
EXCEPTION: U values for site built fixed lites shall
use window thermal test results when available. If tested
results are unavailable, the Building Official shall re-
quire documentation based on a tested value of a corn-
parable window.
ZONE. A space or group of spaces within a building
with heating and/or cooling requirements sufficiently
similar so that comfort conditions can be maintained
throughout by a single controlling device.
CHAPTER 3
DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
Register, Issue 85-24
WSR 85-24-028
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-300 SECTION 300. GENERAL.
This Chapter establishes design criteria in terms of
the thermal performance of the various components of a
building.
NEW SECTION
WAG 51-12-301 SECTION 301. HEATED AND
COOLED BUILDINGS.
A building designed to be both. heated and cooled
shall meet the more stringent of the heating or cooling
requirements provided in this Code.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-302 SECTION 302. CLIMATIC
ZONES.
Climatic Zones are based on heating degree days;
therefore, some local deviation may be necessary to re-
flect actual conditions. Some counties have cities/towns
which are both above and below 6,000 Degree Day,
Heating (DDH). They have been placed in their respec-
tire zones on the basis of average DDH as derived by
weighting DDH by each town's 1980 population.
The following shall be used for calculations and pre-
scriptions required under this Code.
(a) Zone ! consists of the following counties:
Asptin, Benton, Chelan, Clallam, Clark,
Columbia, Cowlitz, Douglas, Franklin,
Garfield, Grays Harbor, Island, Jefferson,
King, Kitsap, Klickitat, Lewis, Mason, Pa-
cific, Pierce, San Juan, Skagit, Skamania,
Snohomish, Thurston, Walla Walla,
Wahkiakum, Whatcom, Yakima.
(b) Zone !l consists of the following counties:
Adams, Ferry, Grant, Kittitus, Lincoln,
Okanogan, Pend Oreille, Spokane, Stevens,
Whitman.
EXCEPTION: The local jurisdiction may authorize
an alternate zone for application of energy code require-
ments in areas where heating degree days are above
6,000 in Zone I and 6,000 heating degree days or below
in Zone II. The adoption of a specific climatic zone shall
be designated as part of the Ordinance adopted by the
local governing body.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-303 SECTION 303. DEPARTURES.
Departure from the criteria of this chapter is permit-
ted if the substitute data is documented and presented to
the Building Official for his concurrence.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-304 SECTION 304. DESIGN PA-
RAMETERS.
The following design parameters shall be used for cal-
culations required under this Code.
(a) Indoor design temperature shall be 70°F for
heating and 78°F for cooling.
ls3l
WSR 85-24-028 Washington State Register, Issue 85-24
(b) Indoor design relative humidity for heating of ASHRAE publication "Recommended
shall not exceed 30 percent. Outdoor Design Temperatures, Washington
(c) The heating or cooling outdoor design tem- State, ASHRAE." (See also Washington
peratures shall be selected from 0.6 percent State' Energy Code Manual.
column for winter and 0.5 percent column
for summer from the Puget Sound Chapter
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-305 SECTION 305. VENTILATION.
The outdoor air quantities specified in Table 3-1 for each type of occupancy shall be used as a miramum for design.
These quantities are for 100 percent outdoor air ventilating systems, but a reduction to 33 percent of the specified val-
ues for recirculating HVAC systems is permitted. !n no case, shall the outdoor air quantities be less than 5 CFM per
person.
The minimum requirements for openable area to provide natural ventilation are specified in the 1985 Uniform
Building Code as adopted by the state of Washington. All kitchens and bathrooms without natural ventilation in
Group R Occupancy spaces shall be provided with exhaust fans or other ventilation systems approved by the building
official having a capacity of not less than that specified in Table No. 3-1. (See UBC Section 1205.) Ventilation re-
quirements for other occupancy spaces may be met using operahie openings as provided in the UBC.
Where a mechanical ventilation system is installed, the mechanical ventilation system shall be capable of supplying
to each zone ventilation air with the minimum outdoor air quantities specified in Table No. 3-1 based upon the greater
of the occupant densities in that table or the design occupant density. The outdoor air shall be ducted directly to every
air handling unit in each zone not provided with sufficient openable area for natural ventilation. The maximum outdoor
air quantities used as the basis for calculating the heating and cooling design loads shall not exceed three times the
quantities specified in Table No. 3-1.
EXCEPTION: if outdoor air quantities other than those specified in Table No. 3-1 are used or required because of
special occupancy or process requirements, source control of air contamination, health, and safety or other standards,
the required outdoor air quantities shall be used as the basis for calculating the heating and cooling design loads.
Table No. 3-1 is an excerpt from ASHRAE Standard 62-73, "Natural and Mechanical Ventilation" published in
1973. Standard 62-73 is no longer in print. ASHRAE now recommends the use of Standard 62-81 "Ventilation for
Acceptable Indoor Air Quality" for improved ventilation design.
TABLE NO. 3-1
AIR QUANTITIES FOR VENTILATION
Estimated
persons/
1000 sq.
ft. floor
area. Use
only when
design oc-
cupancy is
not known
Required ventilation
air, cubic feet per
minute per human occu-
pant, (when the number
is bracketed, refer
to the notes).
Notes
Single Unit Dwellings
General Living Areas, Bedrooms
Kitchens
Baths, Toilet Rooms
Basements, Utility Rooms
Multiple Unit Dwellings
General Living Areas, Bedrooms
Kitchens
Baths, Toilet Rooms
Basements, Utility Rooms
I. RESIDENTIAL
(Private dwelling places,
single or multiple units)
5
5
20
20
5
5
20
20
5
[s4l
Washington State Register, Issue 85-24 WSR 85-24-028
Garages
General Requirements--Merchandising
(Apply to all forms unless specially noted)
Sales Floors and Showrooms
(Basement and Street Floors)
Sales Floor and Showrooms
(Upper Floors)
Storage Areas (Serving Sales
Floors and Storerooms)
Dressing Rooms
Malls and Arcades
Shipping and Receiving Areas
Warehouses
Elevators
Food Markets, Supermarkets, etc.
Meat Processing Rooms
Drug Stores
Pharmacists' Work Rooms
Specialty Shops
Pet Shops
Florists
Greenhouses
Banks (see Sales Floors
and Offices
Vaults
Food Services
Dining Rooms
Kitchens
Cafeterias, Short-Order,
Drive-Ins, Seating Areas,
and Queuing Areas
Bars (Predominantly Stand-up)
Cocktail Lounges
Hotels, Motels, Resorts
Bedrooms (Single, Double)
Living Rooms (Suites)
Baths, Toilets (Attached to
Bedrooms)
Corridors
Lobbies
Conference Rooms (Small)
Assembly Rooms (Large)
Public Rest Rooms
Cottages (Treat as Single-
Unit Dwellings)
(See also Food Services, Industrial,
Merchandising, Barber and Beauty Shops,
Estimated
persons/
1000 sq.
ft. floor
area. Use
only when
design oc-
cupancy is
not known
2. COMMERCIAL
30
20
5
40
10
5
10
10
70
20
I00
150
I00
5
20
5
30
70
140
I00
Required ventilation
. air, cubic feet per
minute per human occu-
pant, (when the number
is bracketed, refer
to the notes).
(~.5)
7
7
5
7
7
15
7
7
5
20
(I.O)
5
5
5
10
30
30
30
30
7
10
20
5
7
20
15
15
Notes
I ssl '
WSR 85-24-028 Washington State Register, Issue 85-24
Estimated
persons/
1000 sq.
ft. floor
area. Use
only when
design oc-
cupancy is
not known
Required ventilation
, air, cubic feet per
minute per human occu-
pant, (when the number
is bracketed, refer
to the notes).
Garages for Associated Hotel/Motel Services)
Dry Cleaners and Laundries
Commercial
Storage/Pickup Areas
Coin-operated
Barber, Beauty and Health Services
Beauty Shops (Hair dressers)
Reducing Salons (Exercise Rooms)
Sauna Baths and Steam Rooms
Barber Shops
Photo Studios
Camera Rooms, Stages
Darkrooms
Shoe Repair Shops
(Combined Workrooms/
Trade Areas)
Garages, Auto Repair Shops.
Service Stations
Parking Garages (Enclosed)
Auto Repair Workrooms (General)
Service Station Offices
Theaters
Ticket Booths
Lobbies, (Foyers and Lounges)
Auditoriums (in Motion Picture
Theaters, Legitimate
Theaters, Lecture, Concert
and Opera Halls-no smoking)
Auditoriums (Smoking Permitted)
Stages (with Proscenium and
Curtains)
Green Rooms and Workrooms
Public Rest Rooms
Ballrooms
Public
Bowling Alleys (Seating Area)
Gymnasiums and Arenas
Playing Floors-minimal or
No Seating
Locker Rooms
Spectator Areas
Ramps, Foyers, and Lobbies
Pool Rooms
Amusement Parlors
Tennis, Squash, Handball
Courts (Indoor)
10
30
20
50
20
25
10
I0
[0
150
150
150
7O
20
Io0
100
70
70
20
150
150
25
25
20
7
15
25
25
5
7
5
10
l0
(I.5)
7
5
20
5
10
I0
10
15
15
15
2O
(30>
20
lO
20
20
20
Notes
8.9
9
2
2,11
1861
Washington State Register, Issue 85-24 WSR 85-24-028
Swimming Pools (Indoor)
Ice-skating and Curling
Rinks
Roller Rinks
Transportation
Waiting Rooms
Garages
Ticket and Baggage Areas,
Corridors and Gate Areas
Control Towers
Hangers
Public Rest Rooms
Platform
Concourses
Repair Shops
Offices
General Office Space
Conference Rooms
Drafting Rooms, Art Rooms
Doctor's Consultation Rooms
Waiting Rooms (Doctors,
Employment Agencies, etc.)
Lithographing Rooms
Diazo Printing Rooms
Computer Rooms
Keypunching Rooms
Public Rest Rooms
Communication
TV/Radio Broadcasting Booths.
Radio Studios
Motion Picture and TV Stages
Pressrooms
Composing Rooms
Engraving Shops
Telephone Switchboard Rooms
(Manual)
Telephone Switchgear Rooms
( Automatic}
Teletypewriter/Facsimile Rooms
Schools
Classrooms
Multiple Use Rooms
Laboratories
Craft Shops, Vocational
Training Shops
Music, Rehearsal Rooms
Auditoriums
Estimated
persons/
1000 sq.
ft. floor
area. Use
only when
design oc-
cupancy is
not known
Required ventilation
air. cubic feet per
minute per human occu-
pant, (when the number
is bracketed. refer
to the notes).
Notes
25
70
70
50
50
50
2
100
150
150
10
60
20
30
20
20
20
30
100
20
20
100
30
30
50
15
10
10
15
(1.5)
15
25
10
15
10
10
10
15
25
7
10
10
7
7
5
7
15
30
30
15
7
7
7
3. INSTITUTIONAL
50
70
30
30
70
150
7
5
10
10
10
10
10
5
1871
85-24-028
Washington State Register, Issue 85-24
Estimated
persons/
1000 sq.
ft. floor
area. Use
only when
design oc-
cupancy is
not known
Required ventilation
air, cubic feet per
minute per human occu-
pant, (when the number
is bracketed, refer
to the notes).
Gymnasiums
Libraries
Common Rooms, Lounges
Offices
Lavatories
Locker Rooms
Lunchrooms, Dining Halls
Corridors
Utility Rooms
Dormitory Bedrooms
Hospitals, Nursing, and Convalescent Homes
Foyers
Hallways
Single, Dual Bedrooms
Wards
Food Service Centers
Operating Rooms, Delivery
Rooms
Ready Rooms, Recovery Rooms
Amphitheaters
Physical Therapy Areas
Autopsy Rooms
Incinerator Service Areas
For Shops. Restaurants. Utility Rooms,
Kitchens, Bathrooms and Other
Service Items (See Hotels)
Research Institutes
Laboratories (Light~cluty,
Nonchemical)
Laboratories (Chemical)
Laboratories (Heavy~:hty)
Laboratories (Radioisotope,
Chemically and Biologically
Toxic)
Machine Shops
Darkrooms, Spectroscopy Rooms
Animal Rooms
Military and Naval Installations
Barracks
Toilets/Washrooms
Shower Rooms
Drill Halls
Ready Rooms, MP Stations
Indoor Target Ranges
Museums
Exhibit Halls
Workrooms
Warehouses
Prisons (See also Gymnasiums,
70
20
70
10
100
20
100
50
3
20
50
50
~5
20
20
I00
20
I0
50
50
50
50
50
50
20
20
lO0
100
70
40
70
70
I0
5
20
7
10
7
15
(30)
I0
15
5
7
20
20
10
10
35
20
15
10
15
30
5
15
15
15
15
15
10
40
7
15
10
15
7
20
7
10
5
[SSl
Notes
Washington State Register, Issue 85-24
WSR 85-24-028
Estimated
persons/
1000 sq.
ft. floor
area. Use
only when
design oc-
cupancy is
not known
Required ventilation
air, cubic feet per
minute per human occu-
pant, (when the number
is bracketed, refer
to the notes).
Notes
Libraries, Applicable
Industrial Areas)
Cell Blocks
Eating Halls
Guard Stations
Veterinary Hospitals
Kennels, Stalls
Operating Rooms
Reception Rooms
Churches, Temples
(See Theaters, Schools
and Offices)
Legislative Halls
Legislative Chambers
Committee Rooms and Conference
Rooms
Foyers, Corridors
Offices
Press Lounges
Press/Radio/TV Booths
Public Rest Rooms
Private Rest Rooms
(For Food Service, Utilities,
etc., see Hotels)
Police and Fire Stations
(See Prisons and Military
Installations)
20
70
40
7
15
7
20 25 ~7
20 25 17
30 I0
4. ORGANIZATIONAL
70
50
10
20
20
20
20
20
20
10
20
20
15
20
Survival Shelters - 5 17
i Installed capacity for intermittent use.
2 cfm per sq. ft. of floor area.
3 Spaces maintained at low temperatures (-I0 to 50° F) are not covered by these requirements unless the occu-
pancy is continuous. Ventilation from adjoining spaces is permissible. When the occupancy is intermittent, in-
filtration will normally exceed the ventilation requirement. (See Chapter 23, Refrigeration Load, ASHRAE
Handbook 0f Fundamentals, 1972.)
4 Maximum allowable concentration (MAC) for sulfur dioxide = 30 microgram/cubic meter.
s Ventilation to optimize plant growth, temperature, humidity, etc. will almost always be greater than shown.
6 Exhaust to outside: source control as required.
7 Installed capacity for intermittent use.
~ Exhaust to outside; source control as requited.
9 Installed equipment must incorporate positive exhaust and control (as required) of undesirable contaminant,
(toxic or otherwise).
l0 Thermal effects probably determine requirements.
" Stands where engines are run must incorporate systems for positive engine exhaust withdrawal.
[89]'
WSR 85-24-028
Washington State Register, Issue 85-24
~: Special ventilation will be needed to eliminate stage effect contaminants.
19 cfm/Iocker.
14 The same for air-supported structures.
Is Special solvent and exhaust problems handled separately.
t6 Special contaminant control systems may be required.
17 Special requirements or codes may determine requirements.
~s Special exhaust systems required.
.9 Floor area behind firing line only.
NOTE: In the case of an occupancy type not specifically mentioned above, the ventilation air requirements shall
be determined by the Building Official. Such determination shall be based on the most comparable occu-
pancy type specified.
CHAPTER 4
BUILDING DESIGN BY COMPONENT
PERFORMANCE APPROACH
(Standard Design)
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12400 SECTION 400. GENERAL.
The criteria of this Chapter establish the minimum
requirements for thermal design of the exterior envelope
of buildings and for HVAC systems and its parts.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-401 SECTION 401. (RESERVED).
NEW SECTION
WAC 5t-I2402 SECTION 402. OVERALL
THERMAL PERFORMANCE AND BUILDING
ENVELOPE REQUIREMENTS.
(a) The stated Uo value of any one element of a
building, such as roof/ceiling, wall or floor,
may be increased and the Uo value for oth-
er components decreased provided that the
overall heat gain or loss for the entire build-
ing envelope does not exceed the total re-
sulting from the conformance to the stated
Do values.
(b) Where return air ceiling plenums are em-
ployed, the roof/ceiling assembly area shall:
I. For thermal transmittance purposes,
not include the ceiling proper nor the
piehum space as part of the assembly;
and
2. For gross area purposes. be based
upon the interior face of the upper
piehum surface.
(c) Uo values listed in Tables 4*2, 4-3. and 4-4
refer to component assembly only. Credit for
buffering from adjacent unheated spaces is
not allowed when calculating Do values. ,
(d) Exemption for Passive Solar features.
Glazing areas which meet all of the follow-
ing criteria may be exempted from the Uo
calculations. Exempted glazing shall not be
included in the gross wall area.
!. For buildings that have Electric Re-
sistance heating systems, the glazing
area must have a tested thermal tran-
smittahoe (U) value of less than .61.
For Other heating systems, the glaz-
ing area need not be tested, but must
be double glazed. (See Section
403(e)).
2. The south glazing shall be oriented
within 45 degrees of true south.
3. The glazing shall be mounted at least
60 degrees up from the horizontal.
4. The glazing shall have a transmission
coefficient greater than or equal to
0.80 for visible light or greater than or
equal to 0.73 for total solar radiation. ~
5. Documentation shall be provided in
the form of a sun chart, a photograph,
or approved evidence, demonstrating
that the glazing area shall not be
shaded for at least 4 hours between 8
a.m. and 4 p.m. standard time on
January 21 and March 21.
6. The building shall contain a heat ca-
pacity equivalent to at least 20 Btu/
2
degree F-ft for each square foot of
south glazing when the south glazing
area is between 10% and 14% of the
buildings gross floor area, and at least
45 Btu/degree F-ft2 for each square
foot of south glazing when the south
area glazing exceeds 14 percent of
gross floor area. This heat storage ca-
pacity shall be located inside the insu-
lated shell of the structure and not
covered with insulation materials,
such as carpet, which yield an R value
of 1.0 or greater. If the storage medi-
um is not within the space containing
the south glazing, an approved natural
or mechanical means of transferring
the heat to the heat storage medium
shall be provided. Heat storage capac-
ity shall be calculated using the below ..',
equation and/or accepted analytical
methods:
HS = DxSHxV
(e)
Washington State
Where:
HS =
Insulation.
1.
Heat Storage. The heat
storage capacity avail-
able inside the insulat-
ed space.
Volume of heat storage
components.
Density of material in-
side the insulated shell
of the building to a
depth yielding a ther-
real resistance of R 1,
except in the case of
slab floors where only
the slab itself is credit-
ed. Mass located in
conditioned or uncondi-
tioned basements with-
out solar glazing shall
not be counted (lbs/cu
ft).
Specific heat of the
material (Btu/Ib/°F).
General: Thermal and acoustical insu-
lation located on or within
floor/ceiling and roof/ceiling assem-
blies, crawl spaces, walls. partitions,
and insulation on pipes and tubing
shall comply with this section. Duct
insulation shall conform to Section
416 and Table 4-16.
EXCEPTIONS:
A. Roof insulation shall comply with
Section 3204 of the Uniform
Building Code.
B. Roof insulation in vaulted ceilings
over 3 in 12 shall conform with
Section 3204 of the Uniform
Building Code.
C. Exposed deck ceiling insulation
shall conform with Section 3204
of the Uniform Building Code.
Insulation Materials: All insulation
materials including facings such as
vapor barriers or breather papers in-
stalled within floor/ceiling assemblies,
roof/ceiling assemblies, walls, crawl
spaces, or attics shall have a flame-
spread rating not to exceed 25 and a
smoke density not to exceed 450 when
tested in accordance wi~h UBC
Standard No. 42-1.
EXCEPTIONS:
A. Foam plastic insulation shall
comply with Section 1717 of the
Uniform Building Code.
B. When such materials are installed
in concealed spaces of T>pcs Ill,
IV and V construction, the flame-
spread and smoke~tevcloped lira-
itations do not apply to facing,
1911
Register, Issue 85-24
WSR 85-24-028
(f)
provided that the facing is in-
stalled in substantial contact with
the unexposed surface of the ceil-
ing, floor or wall finish.
C. Cellulose insulation shall conform
to Section 1713 of the Uniform
Building Code.
3. Ventilation: Enclosed joist or rafter
spaces formed where ceilings are ap-
plied directly to the underside of roof
joists or rafters must have joists or
rafters of sufficient size to provide a
minimum of one inch clear vented air
space above the insulation (see also
Section 3205 (c) of UBC). Ceiling in-
sulation may be tapered or com-
pressed at the perimeter to permit
proper venting.
Moisture Control.
1. Vapor retarders shall be installed on
the warm side (in winter) of insulation
as specified in the following cases:
A. Walls separating conditioned
space from unconditioned space
shall have a vapor retarder in-
stalled when thermal insulation is
installed. The vapor retarder
shall have a one perm dry cup
rating or less. Inset stapled baits
with a perm rating less than one
may be installed if staples are
placed not more than (8) inches
on center and gaps between the
facing and the framing do not
exceed (1/16) of an inch.
B. Roof/ceilings.
i. Roof/ceiling assemblies
where the ventilation space
above the insulation is less
than an average of twelve
(12) inches shall be provided
with a vapor retarder having
a dry cup perm rating of 1.0
or less.
ii. Vapor retarders shall not be
required in roof/ceiling as-
semblies where the ventilation
space above the insulation av-
erages twelve (12) inches or
greater.
iii. Vapor retarders shall not be
required where all of the insu-
lation is installed between the
roof membrane and the struc-
tural roof deck.
iv. Vapor retarders with a 1.0 or
less dry cup perm rating poly-
ethylene or an approved equal
shall be installed in roof/
ceiling assemblies where the
insulation is comprised of in-
sulation between the roofing
WSR 85-24-028 Washington State Register, Issue 85-24
membrane and the structural
roof decking and insulation
below the structural roof
decking.
C. Ground Cover.
A ground cover of 4 mil (0.004
inch thick) polyethylene or ap-
proved equal shall be laid over
the ground within crawl spaces.
The ground cover shall be over-
lapped twelve (12) inches mini-
mum at joints and shall extend to
the foundation wall.
EXCEPTION: The
ground cover may be omitted in
unheated crawl spaces if the
crawl space has a concrete slab
floor with a minimum thickness
of 3-1/2 inches.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-403 SECTION 403. THERMAL
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA AND ENVELOPE
REQUIREMENTS FOR LOW-RISE RESIDENTIAL
BUILDINGS.
Criteria for Residential Buildings three (3) stories or
less as defined in UBC: Group R-3---detached one and
two family dwellings; Group R-Div. l--All other resi-
dential buildings three stories or less.
(a) The overall average thermal transmittance
value of the gross area of the elements of the
exterior building envelope of a low-rise resi-
dential building shall not exceed the values
given in Table 4-2. Equations I and 2 in
Section 404 shall be used to determine ac-
ceptable combinations of building compo-
nents and thermal properties to meet this
requirement.
(b) Floors over unheated spaces, such as unheat-
ed basements, unheated garages, or ventilat-
ed crawl spaces, shall be constructed to
comply with the required values as specified
in Table 4-2.
EXCEPTION: Insulation may be
omitted from floor areas over heated base-
ments, heated garages, or under floor areas
used as HVAC piehums or where operahie
foundation vents are used and when founda-
tion walls are insulated. When foundation
walls are insulated, the insulation shall be
attached in a permanent manner.
(c) Slab on Grade Floor: For slab on grade
floors, the thermal resistance of the insula-
tion around the perimeter of the t]oor shall
not be less than the value given in Table 4-
2. The insulation shall extend downward
from the top of the slab for a minimum dis-
tance of 24 inches or downward to the bot-
tom of the slab then horizontally beneath
the slab for a minimum total distance of 24
inches. Insulation installed outside the foun-
dation shall extend downward a minimum of
6 inches below grade but not less than to the
frostline and need not extend deeper than to
the top of the footing.
(d) Windows and doors and air leakage: (see
Section 405).
(e) Space Heat Type: The following two cute-
gories comprise all space heating types:
1. Electric Resistance. Space heating
systems which include baseboard
units, radiant units, and forced air
units as either the primary or second-
ary heating system.
EXCEPTIONS: Electric resis-
tance elements which are integral to
heat pump heating systems or when
the total electric heat capacity in each
individual dwelling unit does not ex-
ceed the greater of: l) 1,000 watts per
dwelling unit, or; 2) 1.0 watt per
square foot of the gross floor area.
2. Other. All gas, wood, (not meeting the
provisions of Section 102 (a)2), oil,
propane, and heat pump space heating
systems, unless electric resistance is
used as a secondary heating system.
(See EXCEPTIONS, Electric Resis-
lance, Section 403 (e) I. above.)
(f) Walls: Exterior wall sections, walls in fin-
ished basements, and interior walls exposed
to unheated spaces shall be constructed to
comply with the required values as specified
in Table 4-2.
EXCEPTION: Concrete or masonry
foundation walls of unfinished basements
that have one-foot or less of the wall above
grade need not be included in the gross wall
area nor meet the requirements of Table 4-2
until finished, provided that:
I. Any frame walls meet the require-
ments of Table 4-2;
2. The rim-joist are properly insulated;
and
3. All walls that are more than an aver-
age of one-foot above grade meet the
requirements of Table 4-2.
(g) Glazing: Where available, U values from
Window Thermal Testing results shall be
used to calculate total Wall Uo. if untested,
the following default U values shall be used
for all types of glazing, including skylights,
ornamental, and security glazing.
I. For untested'double glazing of any
type, U = .90; and
2. For untested single glazing of any
type, U = 1.20.
EXCEPTION: U values for site
built fixed lites shall use window thermal
test results when available. If tested results
are unavailable, the Building Official shall
require documentation based on a tested
value of a comparable window.
1921
Washington State Register, Issue 85-24 WSR 85-24-028
!)
General Insulation Requirements for Loose
Fill Insulation: Blown or poured loose fill in-
sulation may be used in attic spaces where
the slope of the ceiling is not more than 3
feet in 12 feet and there is at least 30 inches
of clear distance from the top of the bottom
chord of the truss or ceiling joist to the un-
derside of the roof sheathing at the roof
ridge. When cave vents are installed, ba~ing
of the vent openings shall be provided so as
to deflect the incoming air above the surface
of the insulation.
(h)
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-404 SECTION 404. THERMAL
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA FOR ALL OTHER
OCCUPANCIES.
(a) Criteria.
1. The overall average thermal transmit-
tance value (Uo) of the gross area of
elements of the exterior building enve-
lope of all buildings other than low-
rise residential buildings shall not ex-
ceed the values given in Tables 4-3
and 4J,. Equations I and 2 shall be
used to determine acceptable combi-
nations of building components and
thermal properties to meet this re-
quirement for heating. U values for
windows used to calculate total wall U
o shall be determined in accordance
with accepted engineering practice. Uo
and U,. are specified in units of
Btu
hr. sq, ft. °F
Floors over unheated spaces shall not
exceed the Uovalue given in Table 4-3
and 4-4.
Slab on Grade Floors: For slab on
grade floors the thermal resistance of
the insulation around the perimeter of
the floor shall not be less than the val-
ue given in Table 4-3 and 4-4.
Insulation installed inside the founda-
tion shall extend downward from the
top of the slab for a minimum dis-
tance of 24 inches, or downward to
the bottom of the slab; then horizon-
tally beneath the slab for a minimum
total distance of 24 inches. Insulation
installed outside the found;~tion shall
extend downward 12 inches below
grade or frostline or to the top of the
footing.
Alternative Wall Allowance for Low=
rise Nonresidential Occupancies.
A. For nonresidential occupancy
buildings, three stories or less,
the maximum allowed value for
average thermal transmitlance
(Uo) of the exterior walls may be
1931
increased to the values given in
Table 4-4 provided that at least
one of the following criteria is
also met:
i. Mechanical supply of outside
air and mechanical exhaust of
building air shall be automat-
ically shut off and the duct
closed for at least eight hours
per day during hours of non-
occupancy, or
ii. The primary source of heating
for the building shall be one
or more heat pumps meeting
the provisions of Section
41 l(b) or gas or oil combus-
tion heating equipment with a
minimum combustion el~cien-
cy of 85 percent for central
heating plants and 80 percent
for room and space heaters.
This efficiency shall be deter-
mined in accordance with the
provisions of Section 41 l(c).
Provided further: that if both
criteria are met, the maximum
allowed value for average
thermal transmittance (Uo) of
the exterior walls used in Ta-
ble 4-4 may be increased by
0.05 in determining compli-
ance with the provisions of the
code.
For walls with a wall weight of at
least 30 lbs. per sq. ft. (provided
that walls constructed of hollow
masonry units have cores filled
with either grout, concrete, or
with an insulating material with
thermal resistance per inch (R) of
at least 2.25 sq. ft./hr.-°F/Btu)
the calculated thermal resistance
of the wall sections measured face
to face on wall units which are
exposed to inside air tempera-
tures, not including the thermal
resistance of air films or addition-
al exterior wall elements, may be
increased by 25 percent in deter-
mining compliance with the pro-
visions of the code provided that:
Heating and cooling set-point
temperatures in the conditioned
spaces or zones of the building
shall be separated by at least
5°F. The temperature control
shall be designed to prevent new
energy from being used to heat
the space above the heating set-
point temperature or cool the
space below the cooling set-point
temperature.
WSR 85-24~028 Washington State Register, Issue 85-24
EQUATION l
U = I
ro + R~ + R2..-ri
Where:
U -- the thermal transmittance of the
assembly
--- outside air film resistance,
ro -- .17 for all exterior surfaces
in winter
ro -- -25 for all exterior surfaces
in summer
= inside air film resistance,
ri --' .61 for interior horizontal
surfaces, heat flow up
ri = .92 for interior horizontal
surfaces, heat flow down
r~ = .68 for interior vertical
surfaces
R = I = X -- measure of the resis-
~ ~ tance to the passage
of heat for each
element
C = conductance, the heat flow
through a specific material
of specific thickness
K = insulation value of a material
X = the thickness of the material
EQUATION 2
Uo = U,A,. + UgA, + UaAa .......
A
Where:
Ud ----.
Ad
the average or combined tran-
smittance of the gross exterior
wall, floor or roof/ceiling assembly
area (except slabs on grade).
the gross exterior wall, floor or
roof/ceiling assembly area.
the thermal transmitlance of the
components of the opaque wall,
floor or roof/ceiling assembly area.
opaque wall, floor or roof/ceiling
assembly area.
the thermal transmittance of the
glazing (window or skylight) area.
glazing area.
the thermal transmittance of the
door, or similar opening.
door area.
NOTE: Where more than one type of wall,
window, roof/ceiling, door and
skylight is used, the U and A
" terms for those items shall be ex-
pended into sub-elements as:
U,,~A,, + U,2A,z + U,3A,,s + ...etc.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-405 SECTION 405. AIR LEAKAGE
FOR ALL BUILDINGS.
The requirements of this section shall apply to all
buildings and structures and only to those locations sep-
arating outdoor ambient conditions from interior spaces
that are heated or mechanically cooled. The require-
ments of this section are not applicable to the separation
of interior conditioned spaces from each other.
(a) Exterior joints around windows and door
frames, openings between walls and founda-
tion, between walls and roof and between
wall panels; openings at penetrations of util-
ity services through walls, floors and roofs;
and all other such openings in the building
envelope shall be sealed, caulked, gasketed,
or weatherstripped to limit air leakage.
(b) All exterior doors or doors serving as an ac-
cess to an enclosed unheated area shall be
weatherstripped to limit air leakage around
their perimeter when in a closed position.
Doors meeting the infiltration requirements
of Table 4-8 shall be deemed to comply.
(c) All exterior windows shall be designed to
omit air leakage into or from the building
envelope. Manufactured windows shall have
air infiltration rates no greater than those
shown in Table 4-8.
Compliance with the criteria for air leakage
of all types of doors shall be determined by
Standard ASTM E 283-73, Standard
Method of Test for Rate of Air Leakage
through exterior windows. curtain walls and
doors,
EXCEPTION: Site built windows are
exempt from testing but shall be made
tightly fitting. Fixed lights shall have glass
retained by stops with sealant or caulking all
around. Operating sash shall have weather-
stripping working against overlapping trim,
and a closer/latch which will hold the sash
closed. The window frame to framing crack
shall be made tight with caulking, overlap-
ping membrane, or other approved
technique.
(d) Openings required to be protected by fire re-
sistire assemblies are exempt from this
section.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12~.06 SECTION 406. BUILDING
MECHANICAL SYSTEMS.
The following sections cover the determination of
heating and cooling loads, design requirements, and
1941
Washington State Register, Issue 85-24 WSR 85-24-028
equipment and component performance and control re-
quirements. Requirements are established for insulating
HVAC systems and for duct construction.
EXCEPTIONS: Special applications, including but
not limited to hospitals, laboratories, thermally sensitive
equipment and computer rooms may be exempted from
the requirements of this section when approved by the
Building Official.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-407 SECTION 407. CALCULA-
TIONS OF HEAT1NG AND COOLING LOADS
AND SYSTEM SIZING LIMITS.
(a) Heating and cooling design loads for the purpose
of sizing HVAC systems are required and shall be cal-
culated in accordance with accepted engineering prac-
tice, including infiltration and ventilation.
(b) The design parameters specified in Chapter 3 shall
apply for all computations.
(c) Space Heating and Space Cooling System Sizing
Limits. Building mechanical systems for all buildings
which provide space heating and/or space cooling shall
be sized no greater than 150 percent of the heating and
cooling design loads as calculated above.
EXCEPTIONS: The following limited exemptions
from the sizing limit shall be allowed, however, in all
cases heating and/or cooling design load calculations
shall be submitted.
1. For equipment which provides both heating and
cooling in one package unit, including heat pumps with
electric heating and cooling and gas-pack units with gas
heating and electric cooling. compliance need only be
demonstrated for either the space heating or space cool-
ing system size.
2- Natural gas- or oil-fired space heating equipment
whose total rated space heating output in any one dwell-
ing unit is 56,000 Btu/h or less may exceed the 150
percent sizing limit provided that the installed equip-
ment has an annual fuel utilization efficiency (AFUE) of
not less than the sum of 74 percent plus I percent for
every 5,000 Btu/h that the space heating equipment
output exceeds the design heating load of the dwelling
unit.
3. Stand-by equipment may be installed if controls
and other devices are provided which allow redundant
equipment to operate only when the primary equipment
is not operating.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-408 SECTION 408. (RESERVED).
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-409 SECTION 409. SIMULTA-
NEOUS I4EATING AND COOLING.
Each temperature control zone shall include thermosva-
tic controls installed and operated to sequence the use of
heating and cooling energy to satisfy the thermal and/or
humidity requirement of the zone. Controls shall prevent
reheating (heating air that is cooler than system mixed
air), recooling (cooling air that is warmer than system
mixed air), mixing or simultaneous supply of warm air
(warmer than system return air mixed air) and cold air
(cooler than system mixed air). or other simultaneous
operation of heating and cooling systems to one zone.
For the purposes of this section. system mixed air is de-
fined as system return air mixed with the minimum ven-
tilation air requirement by Section 305.
EXCEPTIONS: 1. Variable air volume
systems designed to reduce the air
supply to each zone during periods of
occupancy to the larger of the
following:
- 30 percent or less of the peak sup-
ply volume.
- The minimum allowed to meet
ventilation requirements of Section
305 (Table No. 3-1)
- 0.5 cfm/ft2 of zone conditioned
area before reheating, recooling or
mixing takes place. Consideration
shall be given to supply air tem-
perature reset control.
2. The energy for reheating. or providing
warm air in mixing systems, is provid-
ed entirely from recovered energy that
would otherwise be wasted, or from
nondepletable energy sources. In addi-
tion, the system shall comply with
Section 414 without exception.
3. Areas where specific humidity levels
are required to satisfy process needs.
4. Special pressurization relationships or
cross-contamination requirements are
such that variable air volume systems
are impractical (such as some areas of
hospitals and laboratories). In these
cases, supply air temperatures shall be
reset by representative building load
or by outside air temperature.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12410 SECTION 410. ENERGY RE-
COVERY.
Consideration shall be given to the use of recovery
systems which will conserve energy (provided the
amount expertdeal is less than the amount recovered)
when the energy transfer potential and the operating
hours are considered. (See Chapter 5.)
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-411 SECTION 411. HVAC EQUIP-
MENT PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS.
(a) The requirement of this section applies to
equipment and component performance for
heating, ventilating and air-conditioning
systems. Where equipment efficiency levels
are specified, approved data furnished by the
equipment supplier or certified under a na-
tionally recognized certification program or
rating procedure shall be used to satisfy
these requirements. Equipment efficiencies
[95l
WSR 85-24-028 Washington State Register, Issue 85-24
(b)
shall be based on the standard rating condi-
tions shown in Tables 4-9, 4-10 and 4-1 I.
HVAC-System Heating Equipment Heat
Pumps--Heating Mode: Heat pumps whose
energy input is entirely electric shall have a
Coefficient of Performance (COP heating, as
defined here[n) not less than the values
shown in Table 4-12.
1. These requirements apply to, but are
not limited to, unitary heat pumps (air
source and water source) in the heat-
ing mode and to heat pumps in the
packaged terminal air-conditioner and
room air-conditioner forms in the
heating mode. Field assembled unitary
heat pumps, consisting of one or more
components, shall comply with this
section.
2. Coet~cient of Performance (COP)
Heating: The ratio of the rate of net
heat output to the rate of total energy
input. expressed in consistent units
and under designated rating condi-
tions.
The rate of net heat output shall be
defined as the change in the total heat
content of the air entering and leaving
the equipment (not including supple--
mentary heat).
Total energy input shall be deter-
mined by combining the energy inputs
to all elements, except supplementary
heaters. of the heat pump, including,
but not limited to, compressor(s),
pump(s), supply-air fan(s), return-air
fan(s), outdoor-air fan(s), cooling-
tower fan(s), and the HVAC-system
equipment control circuit.
3. Supplementary Heater: The heat
pump shall be installed with a control
to prevent supplementary heater oper-
ation when the heating load can be
met by the heat pump alone. Supple-
mentary heater operation is permitted
during transient periods, such as
start-ups, following room thermostat
set-point advance, and during defrost.
when the outdoor air temperature is
below 550F.
A two-stage thermostat, which con-
trols the supplementary heat on its
second stage, with outdoor air control,
shall be accepted as meeting this re-
quirement. The cut~>n temperature
for the compression heating shall be
higher than the cut-on temperature
for the supplementary heat, and the
cut-off temperature for the compres-
sion heating shall be higher than the
cut-off temperature for the supple-
mentary heat. Supplementary heat
may be derived from any source of
electric resistance heating or combus-
tion heating.
(c) HV.AC-System-Combustion Heating Equip-
ment: All commercial gas and oil-fired cen-
tral heating plants shall show a minimum
combustion efficiency of not less than those
shown in Table 4-5.
All residential gas, oil, and propane central
heating systems must have a minimum
AFUE of .74. All other residential heating
equipment fueled by gas, oil, or propane
must be equipped with an intermittent igni-
tion device.
(d) Mechanical Ventilation. Each mechanical
ventilation system (supply and/or exhaust)
shall be equipped with a readily accessible
or automatic means for either shut-off or
volume reduction and shut-off when ventila-
tion is not required.
(e) Packaged and unitary HVAC-system equip-
ment, electrically operated cooling mode.
HVAC-system equipment as listed below
whose energy input in the cooling mode is
entirely electric, shall show a Coefficient of
Performance (COP) cooling as defined here-
in not less than values shown in Table 4-13.
1. These requirements apply to, but are
not limited to unitary cooling equip-
ment (air-cooled, water-cooled and
evaporatively-cooled); the cooling
mode of unitary and packaged heat
pumps (air source and water source);
packaged terminal air-conditioners;
and room air-conditioners.
EXCEPTION: These require-
ments do not apply to equipment used
for refrigerated food or florists' and
nurseries' coolers.
2. Coefficient of Performance (COP)
Cooling: The ratio of the rate of net
heat removal to the rate of total ener-
gy input, expressed in consistent units
and under designated rating condi-
tions.
The rate of net heat removal shall be
defined as the change in the total heat
contents of the air entering and lear-
ing the equipment (without reheat).
Total energy input shall be deter-
mined by combining the energy inputs
to all elements of the equipment, in-
cluding but not limited to
compressor(s), pump(s), supply-air
fan(s), return-air fan(s), condenser
air fan(s), cooling-tower fan(s), circu-
lating water pump(s), and the
HVAC-system equipment control
circuit.
(f) Applied HVAC-system components, electri-
cally operated cooling-mode. HVAC-sys-
tem components, as listed in Table 4-14
whose energy input is entirely electric, shall
[961 ,
Washington State Register, Issue 85-24 WSR 85-24-028
(g)
show a Coefficient of Performance (COP)
cooling, as defined herein, and not less than
the values shown in Table 4-14.
1. Coefficient of Performance (COP)
Cooling. The ratio of the rate of net
heat removal to the rate of total ener-
gy input, expressed in consistent units
and under designated rating condi-
tions.
The rate of net heat removal is defined
as the difference in total heat contents
of the water or refrigerant entering
and leaving the component.
Total energy input shall be deter-
mined by combining the energy inputs
to all elements and accessories of the
component, including but not limited
to, compressor(s), internal circulating
pump(s), condenser-air fan(s), evapo-
ratlye-condenser cooling water
pump(s), purge, and the HVAC-sys-
tern component control circuit.
HVAC-system equipment--heat operated
cooling mode. Efficiency limitation equip-
ment: Heat operated cooling equipment
shall show a (COP) cooling not less than the
values shown in Table 4-15. These require-
ments apply to, but are not limited to, ab-
sorption equipment, engine driven
equipment, and turbine driven equipment.
Fireplaces. Fireplaces shall be provided with:
I. Tightly fitting flue dampers, operated
with a readily accessible manual or
approved automatic control.
EXCEPTION: Fireplaces with
gas logs installed in accordance with
UMC 803 shall be equipped with
tightly fitting glass or meta[ doors.
2. An outside source for combustion air.
The duct shall be at least six square
inches in area, and shall be provided
with a readily operable damper.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-412 SECTION 412. ENERGY FOR
AIR DELIVERY.
The air transport factor for nonresidential all-air
HVAC systems shall not be less than 5.5. The factor
shall be based on design system air flow for constant
volume systems. The factor for variable air ~olume sys-
tems may be based on average conditions of ,ipcration.
Energy for transfer of air through heat reco~cr~ dcvices
shall not be included in determining the factor: boy, ever.
such energy shall be included in the evaluation of the
effectiveness of the heat recovery system.
Air Transport Factor = Space Sensible Heat Rcnno~dl*
(Supply + Return FanIs} P,l~cr/nput}*
*Expressed in Btu/hr.
1971
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-413 SECTION 413. BALANCING.
The HVAC system design shall provide means for
balancing air and water systems such as but not limited
to dampers, temperature and pressure test connections
and balancing valves.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-414 SECTION 414. COOLING
WITH OUTDOOR AIR (ECONOMIZER CYCLE).
Each supply fan system shall be designed to use up to
and including 100 percent of the fan system capacity for
cooling with outdoor air automatically. Activation of
economizer cycle shall be controlled by sensing outdoor
air dry-bulb temperature or outdoor air enthalpy or al-
ternative means approved by the Building Official.
EXCEPTIONS: Cooling with outdoor air is not re-
quired under any one or more of the following
conditions:
(a) Fan system capacity less than 3,500 CFM or
90,000 Btu/hr total cooling capacity.
(b) The quality of the outdoor air is so poor as to
require intensive treatment of the air.
(c) The need for humidification or dehumidifica-
tion requires the use of more energy than is
conserved by the outdoor air cooling.
(d) The use of outdoor air cooling may affect the
operation of other systems so as to increase
the overall energy consumption of the
building.
(e) Internal/external zone heat recovery or other
energy recovery is used, which is more effi-
cient than using outdoor air.
(f) When all space cooling is accomplished by a
circulating liquid which transfer space heat
directly or indirectly to a heat rejection de-
vice such as a cooling tower without the use
of a refrigeration system.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12 415 SECTION 415. CONTROLS.
(a) Temperature Control: Each HVAC system
shall be provided with at least one thermo-
stat for the regulation of temperature.
Where used to control both heating and
cooling, each thermostat shall be capable of
being set from 55-85°F and shall be capable
of operating the system heating and cooling
in sequence. It shall be adjustable to provide
a temperature range of at least 10°F be-
tween full heating and full cooling.
(b) Humidity Control. If an HVAC system is
equipped with a means for adding moisture
to maintain specific selected relative
humidities in spaces or zones, a humidistat
shall be provided. This device shall be capa-
ble of being set to prevent new energy from
being used to produce space relative humid-
ity (rh) above 30 percent rh. Where a
humidistat is used in an HVAC system for
controlling moisture removal to maintain
WSR 85-24-028 Washington State Register, Issue 85-24
(c)
specific selected relative humidities in spaces
or zones, it shall be capable of being set to
prevent new energy from being used to
produce a space relative humidity below 60
percent relative humidity.
EXCEPTION: Special occupancies
requiring different relative humidities may
be permitted by the Building Ofi%ial.
Zoning for Temperature control.
1. One and Two-Family Dwellings: At
least one thermostat for regulation of
space temperature shall be provided
for each separate HVAC system. In
addition. a readily accessible manual
or automatic means shall be provided
to partially restrict or shut off the
heating and/or cooling input to each
zone or floor not controlled by a
thermostat.
2. Multifamily Dwellings: For multifam-
ily dwellings, each individual dwelling
unit shall be considered separately and
shall meet the above requirements.
Spaces other than living units shall
meet the requirements of Section 415
(c) (3),
3. All Other Types of Buildings or Oc-
cupancies: At least one thermostat for
regulation of space temperature shall
be provided for:
A. Each separate HVAC system.
B. Each separate zone. As a mini-
mum each floor of a building
shall be considered as a separate
zone. in a multi-story building
where the perimeter system off-
sets only the transmission losses
of the exterior wall, an entire side
of uniform exposure may be
zoned separately. A readily ac-
cessible manual or automatic
means shall be provided to re-
strict partially or shut off the
heating and/or cooling input (for
the exposure) to each floor.
4. Control Setback and Shut-off:
A. Residential Occupancy Groups:
One-and-Two-Family and
Multifamily dwellings--The
thermostat required in para-
graphs I and 2 of this subsection
(c) or an alternate means such as
a switch or clock. shall provide a
readily accessible, manual or au-
tomatic means for reducing the
energy required for heating and
cooling during the periods of
non-use or reduced need, such as,
but not limited to unoccupied pe-
riods and sleeping hours. Lower-
ing thermostat set points to
reduce energy consumption of
heating systems shall not cause
energy to be expended to reach
the reduced setting.
Other Buildings and Occupancies:
Each HVAC system shall be
equipped with a readily accessi-
ble, automatic means of shutting
off or reducing the energy used
for HVAC during periods of non-
use or alternate uses of the build-
ing spaces or zones served by the
system. The following are exam-
pies that meet this requirement:
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12416
i. Manually adjustable auto-
matic timing devices.
ii. Automatic control systems.
SECTION 416. AIR HAN-
DLING DUCT SYSTEM INSULATION.
All ducts, plenums and enclosures installed in or on
buildings shall be thermally insulated to meet the re-
quirements of Table 4-16.
EXCEPTIONS: Duct insulation (except where re-
quired to prevent condensation) is not required in any of
the following cases:
(a) Supply or return air ducts installed in un-
vented crawl spaces with insulated walls,
basements or cellars in one- and two-family
dwellings.
(b) When the heat gain or loss of the ducts,
without insulation, will not increase the en-
ergy requirements of the building.
(c) Within the HVAC equipment.
(d) Exhaust air ducts.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-417 SECTION 417. DUCT CON-
STRUCTION.
All duct work shall be constructed and erected in ac-
cordance with the Uniform Mechanical Code.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-418 SECTION 418. PIPING INSU-
LATION.
All piping installed to serve buildings (and within)
shall be thermally insulated in accordance with Table 4-
17, except as stated herein, (for recirculating service
water heating systems, see Section 422).
(a) Other Insulation Thickness: Insulation thick-
ness in Table 4-17 is based on insulation
having thermal resistance in the range of 4.0
to 4.6 per inch of thickness on a flat surface
at a mean temperature of 75°F. Minimum
insulation thickness shall be increased for
materials having mR" values less than 4.0
per inch, or may be reduced for materials
having "R" values greater than 4.6 per inch.
Washington State Register. Issue 85-24 WSR 85-24-028
1. For materials with thermal resistance
greater than R = 4.6 per inch, the
minimum insulation thickness may be
reduced as follows:
4.6 x Table 4-17 Thickness = New Minimum
Actual R Thickness
2. For materials with thermal resistance
less than R = 4.0 per inch, the mini-
mum insulation thickness shall be in-
creased as follows:
4.0 x Table 4-17 Thickness = New Minimum
Actual R lhickness
(b) EXCEPTIONS: Piping insulation is not re-
quired in any of the following cases:
I. Piping installed within unitary HVAC
equipment.
2. Piping at temperatures between 55°F
and 100°F
3. When the heat loss and/or heat gain
of the piping, without insulation, does
not increase the energy requirements
of the building or is used as a compo-
nent of a designed Heating System.
(c) Additional insulation with vapor barriers
shall be provided to prevent condensation
where required.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-419 SECTION 419. (RESERVED).
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-420 SECTION 420. WATER
HEATERS, STORAGE TANKS, BOILERS, AND
PIPING.
(a) Performance Efficiency.
1. Gas, oil-fired water heaters and elec-
tric storage water heaters shall meet
the requirements of ASHRAE Stand-
ard 90A-80 and be so labeled.
All electric water heaters in unheated
spaces shah be placed on an incom-
pressible, insulated surface with a
minimum thermal resistance of R-10.
Electric water heaters placed on floors
insulated to a minimum of R-10 shah
be deemed to meet with this
requirement.
(b) Temperature Controls.
1. Service water heating systems shah be
equipped with automatic temperature
controls capable of adjustment from
the lowest to the highest acceptable
temperature settings for the intended
use.
2. Shutdown: A separate switch shall be
provided to permit turning off the en-
ergy supplied to electric service water
heating systems. A separate valve
shall be provided to permit turning off
the energy supplied to the main
burner(s) of all other types of service
water heating systems.
Swimming Pools.
Heated swimming pools shall be
equipped with:
A. A pool cover at the surface of the
water.
B. A label on the pool heater that
provides the following informa-
tion: (The following recommen-
dations replace requirements for
temperature and on/off controls.)
Pool heating 78°F is the rec-
ommended healthful swimming
pool temperature for most people.
The water heater thermostat
should be set at 78°F, marked to
identify that setting, and further
adjustments should be discour-
aged. An increase of 4°F (such as
from 78°F to 82°F) could in-
crease energy consumption by as
much as 40 percent.
Filter System the time clock
for operating the filter system
should be set to operate the filter
system for the minimum number
of hours of operation required to
maintain clean and healthful pool
water.
Pool Cover it is recommended
that the pool be covered except
when the pool is in use. Use of
the cover can cut pool heating
costs by as much as 70 percent.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-421
TION.
SECTION 421. PUMP OPERA-
Circulating hot water systems shall be arranged so
that the circulating pump(s) can be conveniently turned
off, automatically or manually, when the hot water sys-
tem is not in operation.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-422 SECT[ON 422. PIPE INSULA-
TION.
For recirculating systems, piping heat loss shall be
limited to a maximum of 25 Btu/hr ft2 of external pipe
surface for above ground piping and a maximum of 35
Btu/hr ft" of external pipe surface for underground pip-
ing. Maximum heat loss shall be determined at a tem-
perature differential equal to the maximum water
temperature minus a design ambient temperature no
higher than 65 degrees F.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-423 SECTION 423. CONSERVA-
TION OF HOT WATER.
(a) Showers used for other than safety reasons
shall be equipped with flow control devices
WSR 85-24-028 Washington State Register, Issue 85-24
(b)
to limit total flow to a maximum of 3 gpm
per shower head.
Lavatories in restrooms of public facilities
shall be equipped with outlet devices which
limit the flow of hot water to a maximum of
0.5 gpm or equipped with self-closing
valves.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-424 SECTION 424. ELECTRICAL
POWER AND LIGHTING.
Electrical distribution and lighting systems shall be
designed for efficient distribution and use of electrical
energy from the service entrance to and at the points of
use as provided herein.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-425 SECTION 425. LIGHTING
SWITCHING.
Switching for building lighting systems shall be de-
signed and installed to permit efficient use of energy and
to permit maximum flexibility in the use of the installed
lighting. The following mandatory requirements repre-
sent the minimum lighting controls to be installed in any
building. Additional controls should be provided where
deemed appropriate and where the installation of such
controls can significantly reduce energy consumption.
(a) All lighting controls, except automatic con-
trols or those for special purpose applica-
tions which require trained operators or
those which would pose a safety problem or
a security hazard, shall be installed so as to
be readily accessible to personnel occupying
or using the lighting space.
(b) The maximum lighting power that may be
controlled from a single switch or automatic
control shall not exceed that provided by a
20 ampere circuit loaded to no more than 80
percent. A master control may be installed
provided the individual switches retain their
capability to function independently.
(c) All lighted spaces enclosed by walls or ceiling
height partitions and with floor area less
than four hundred square feet shall be pro-
vided an individual lighting control or an
occupant-sensing automatic control.
(d) All lighted spaces with floor area greater
than four hundred square feet shall be pro-
vided with controls to permit reducing the
lighting by not more than one half or occu-
pant-sensing automatic controls.
(e) All building areas greater than 200 square
feet where natural lighting is available shall
be provided with individual controls or day-
light- or occupant-sensing automatic cqn-
trols which permit control of lights
independent of general area lighting. Either
individual controls shall be provided for
each row of luminaires parallel to a window
wall or controls shall be provided to reduce
the lighting in at least two steps to not more
than one-half and to completely off in the
natural lighting area.
For office and school occupancies, at a mini-
mum,'lighting serving a zone within 12 feet
of a window wall or the zone between an in-
terior wall and the window wall of less than
12 feet shall comply with this provision.
For retail occupancies, at least the row of
luminaires nearest the window shall comply
with this provision.
(f) All display, exhibition or specialty lighting
shall be controlled independently of general
area lighting.
(g) All exterior building lighting including fa-
cade lighting, parking lots, driveways, walk-
ways, shall be furnished with automatic
controls to reduce or turn off all lights dur-
ing periods of non-use or daylight hours,
except those required for safety and securi-
ty. Sign lights shall be exempt from this
provision.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-426 SECTION 426. LIGHTING
POWER BUDGET.
A lighting power budget is the upper limit of the
power to be available to provide the lighting needs in
accordance with the criteria and calculation procedure
specified herein.
The lighting power budget for a building shall be the
sum of the power limits computed for all lighted interior
and exterior spaces and shall be determined in accord-
ance with the procedures specified in this section.
EXCEPTION: One- and two-family detached
dwellings and the dwelling portion of multifamily build-
ings are exempt from the requirements of Section 426.
(a) Budget Development.
The installed lighting wattage for the build-
ing project shall not exceed the budget level
calculated in this section. The budget watt-
age level shall be the sum of the interior
budget calculated and the exterior budget.
Lighting wattage includes lamp and ballast
wattage.
(b) Building Interiors.
The interior lighting budget shall be calcu-
lated by multiplying the gross conditioned
floor area, in square feet, by the appropriate
unit power budget, in watts per square foot,
specified in Table No. 4-18.
For special conditions when approved by the
Building Official, calculation based on illu-
minating Engineering Society Unit Power
Density or similar nationally recognized
standards may be used.
The lighting power budget shall be based on
the primary occupancy for which the space
within the building is intended. If multiple
occupancies are intended, the lighting power
budget for each type of occupancy shall be
separately calculated and summed to obtain
the lighting budget for the interior spaces of
l tool
Washington State Register, Issue 85-24
WSR 85-24-028
the building. If a common circulation area
serves multiple occupancies or multiple re-
tail spaces, the lighting power budget for the
common circulation area shall be the
weighted average of the lighting power
budgets for all other areas on that floor. In
cases where a lighting plan for only a por-
tion of a building is submitted, the interior
lighting budget shall be based on the gross
floor area covered by the plan.
EXCEPTIONS:
I. Where the following automatic
lighting controls are installed, for
calculations used to determine
code compliance, the installed
lighting wattage may be reduced
by the following percentages:
A. For occupant-sensing de-
vices, energy savings of 30
percent shall be allowed for
any single space up to 400
square feet and enclosed by
ceiling height partitions;
classrooms, conference
rooms, computer rooms,
storage areas, corridors, or
waiting rooms.
B. For daylighting controls, en-
ergy savings of 30 percent
for continuous dimming and
20 percent for stepped con-
trols shall be allowed for any
daylit space.
C. For lumen maintenance con-
trols, energy savings of 10
percent shall be allowed for
any space.
D. For daylighting controls
with occupant-sensing de-
vices. energy savings of 44
percent shall be allowed f'or
any single space up to 400
square feet within daylit
spaces, and enclosed by ceil-
ing height partitions.
E. For occupant-sensing de-
vices with lumcn mainte-
nance controls. energy
savings of 37 percent ~hall
be allowed for ~ln~ ~ingle
space up to 400 ~qu~rc l'cct
and enclosed b~ ceiling
height partitions.
2. Lighting for the follo~in,,2 ~ppli-
cations shall be exempted from
inclusion in the calcuLitrain of
lighting power budgets:
A. Stage lighting, cntcrt~tin-
ment, or audiovisuaL presen-
tations where the lighling is
(c)
an essential technical ele-
ment for the function per-
formed.
B. Lighting for medical and
dental tasks.
C. Lighting in areas specifically
designed for visually handi-
capped people.
D. For restaurant occupancies,
lighting for kitchens and
food preparation areas.
Building Exteriors.
The exterior lighting budget shall be calcu-
lated by multiplying the building perimeter
in feet by 7.5 watts per foot. Lighting for
parking structures shall be calculated at 0.3
watts per gross square foot of parking area.
An allowance for outdoor surface parking
and circulation lighting may be added at
0.05 watts per square foot of area. Lighting
for signs that are not an integral part of the
building shall be exempted from inclusion in
these calculations.
TABLE 4-1
Classification of Building Occupancies
Other than
All Group R Group R
Occupancy Space Occupancy Space
Three conditionedTable 4-2
stories and less
More than three Table 4-4
conditioned stories
Table 4-3
Table 4-4
TABLE 4-2
Low-rise Residential Buildings
Maximum Allowed Uo Values
and Minimum Allowed R Values
Heat Type
Walls SlabI
Climatic Roofs Cathedral (Includes on
Zone Ceilings Ceilings Glazing) Floors Grade
U~, Uo Uo Uo Installed
R
Value
Electric Resistance I 0.026 0.035 0.144 0.055 8
Other I 0.035 0.035 0.203 0.055 8
Electric Resistance II 0026 0.035 0.144 0.043 I0
Other It 0.035 0.035 0.203 0.055 10
tlnsulation shall be water-resistant material manufactured for this
Use.
[lOtl
WSR 85-24-028 Washington State Register, Issue 85-24
TABLE 4-3
Nonresidential Occupancies
Buildings 3 Stories or Less
Maximum Allowed Up Values and
Minimum Allowed R Values
Zone
SlabI
Ceilings Walls Floors on Grade
(Includes
Glazing)
I 0.035 0.25 0,05 8
II 0.035 0.20 0.05 I0
Installed
R Value
Ilnsulation shall be water-resistant material manufac-
tured for this use.
TABLE 4--4
All Occupancies
Buildings over 3 Stories
Maximum Allowed Uo Values and
Minimum Allowed R Values
Zone
Slabt
Ceilings Walls Floors on Grade
(Includes
Glazing)
Furnaces of Capacity of All Other
225,000 Btu/h and Less Commercial/
Boilers of Capacities of Industrial Furnaces
300,000 Btu/h and Less and Boilers
Types of Equipment Percent'
Percent2
Gravity
central furnaces 69
All other vented
heating equipment 69
'Co '
rebusnon efficiency for furnaces of capacities of
225,000 Btu/h and less and boilers of capacities of
300,000 Btu/h and less shall be tested in accordance
with the applicable U.S. Department of Energy furnace
test procedures.
.
Corn su efficiency of commercial/industrial furnac-
bu on
es and boilers is defined as 100 percent minus stack
losses in percent of heat input.
Stack losses are:
Loss due to sensible heat in dry flue gas.
Loss due to incomplete combustion.
Loss due to sensible and latent heat in
moisture formed by combustion of hydrogen
in the fuel.
Installed
Up U_a U_~ R Value
I 0.08 0.30 0.08 8
II 0;06 0.25 0.08 I0
TABLE 4-6
(Reserved)
~lnsulation shall be water-resistant material manufac-
tured for this use.
TABLE 4-7
( Reserved )
TABLE 4-5
Nonresidential HVAC System Heating Equipment-
Gas- and Oil-Fired
Minimum Steady State Combustion Efficiency
TABLE 4--8
Allowable Air Infiltration Rates
Furnaces of Capacity of 'xll Other
225.000 Btu/h and Le~s Commercial/
Boilers of Capacities of InduMrial Furnaces
300.000 Btu/h and Less ,rod Boilers
Types of Equipment PercentI
percent2
Forced-air furnaces and
low-pressure steam or
hot-water boilers
74 75
Windows
(cfm per lineal
foot of operahie
sash crack
0.5
Residential Doors Commercial Doors
cfm per sq. ft. cfm per lin. ft,
of door area of crack
sliding entrance swinging. sliding.
glass revolving
0.5 1.00 11.0
t toz 1'
r
Washington State Register, Issue 85-24
WSR 85-24-028
TABLE 4.-9
HVAC System Heating Equipment (Heat Pumps)
Standard Rating Conditions
Type
Conditions Air Source Water Source
Air entering
equipment oF 70 db 70 db 70 db
Outdoor unit
ambient oF 47 db/ 17 db/ --
43 wb 15 wb
Entering water
temperature °F 60
Water flow rate as used in
cooling mode
TABLE 4-10
HVAC System Equipment
Standard Rating Conditions -- Cooling
Temperatures
DB WB Inlet Outlet
Air Entering
Equipment o F 80 67
Condenser Ambient
(Air Cooled) oF 95 75
Condenser Water
(Water Cooled) °F -- --
Standard ratings are at sea level.
Note: db = dry bulb
wb = wet bulb
85 95
TABLE 4-11
Applied HVAC System Components
Standard Rating Conditions -- Cooling
Item
Centrifugal or
Self-Contained Condenserless
Reciprocating Reciprocating
Water-ChiIler Water-Chiller
Leaving chilled
Water temperature oF 44 44
Entering chilled
Water temperature o F 54 54
Leaving condenser
Water temperature ° F 95
Entering water temp. F 85
Fouling factor, water
Non-ferrous tubes * 0.0005 00805
Steel tubes * 00010 00010
Item
Centrifugal or
Self-Contained Condenserless
Reciprocating Reciprocating
Water-Chiller Water-Chiller
Fouling factor,
Refrigerant
Condenser ambient
Air or evap. cooled
Compressor~ater cooled
saturated (or evap.
cooled ) o F
Discharge Air cooled °F
letup.
Standard ratings are at sea level.
* h ft2 F/Btu.
* 0.0000 0.0000
°F 95 db/75 wb --
105
120
TABLE 4-12
HVAC-System Heating Equipment (Heat Pumps)
Minimum COP & HSPF for Heat Pumps, Heating
Mode
Minimum Minimum
Source and Outdoor Temperature(°F) COP HSPF
Air source -- 47 dB/43 WB 2.7
Air source -- 17 dB/15 WB 1.8
Air source 6.35
Water source -- 60 entering 3.0
Ground source 3.0
TABLE 4-13
Minimum EER and COP-Cooling for
Electrically Driven HVAC System Equipment-Cooling'
Air Cooled
Standard
Rating
Capacity EER COP
Evaporative
or
Water Cooled
EER COP
Under 65,000 Btu/hr
(19,050 watts) 7.8 2.28 8.8 2.58
65,000 Btu/hr
( 19,060 watts)
and over 8.2 2.4 9.2 2.69
xThe U.S. Department of Energy has established re-
quired test procedures for single-phase, air-cooled, resi-
dential central air conditioners under 19 KW (65,000
Btu/h) capacity, which have been incorporated into ARI
Standard 210-79. EER and COP values in Table 4-1 ~
are based on Test A of DOE Test Procedures.
[ ~o31'
WSR 85-24-028 Washington State Register, Issue 85-24
TABLE 4-14
Minimum EER and COP for Electrically
Driven HVAC-System Components'
Water Chilling Packages
Component Typo
CondensinR Means
Air Water Evap.
EER COP EER COP EER COP
Condenser Centrifugal
included or rotary 800
Condenser
included Reciprocaling 8.40
Condenserless Reciprocating 9.90
Compressor &
units 65.000
Btu/hr (19,050 ~ Positive
watts) and over' displacement 950
234 13.80 4.04
2.46 12.00 3,51
2.90 12.00 3.51
2.78 12.50 366 12.50 366
Hydronic Heat Pumps
Component Type EER COP
under
65.000 Btu/h Centrifugal
(19.000 watts) or rotary 9.00 264
65.000 Btu/h
( 19.000 watts) Centrifugal
and over or rotary 9 40 2.75
IWhen tested at the standard rating conditions specified
in Table No. 4-9, 4-10, and 4-1 1.
'~Ratings in accordance with Standard for PositiVe Dis-
placement Refrigerant Compressor and Condensing
Units, ARI Standard 520-74 as applicable. COP based
on condensing unit standard rating capacity and energy
input to the unit, all at sea level.
TABLE 4-15
HVAC-System Heat-Operated Cooling Equipment
Minimum COP = Net Cooling Output
Total Heat Input (Electrical
Auxiliary Inpuls E~cludcd)
Heat Source Minimum COP
Direct fired (gas. oil) 048
Indirect fired (steam, hot water) 068
TABLE 4-16
Insulation of Ducts
Insulation
Types
Mechanically Climate Insulation Types
Duct Location Cooled Zone Heating Only
On roof or
on exterior C. V2 and W I C and W
of building D, V2 and W II D and W
Attics. garages and
crawl spaces.
in walls, within B and V2 I B
floor-ceiling spaces~ C and V2 II C
Within the conditioned None None
space or in basements Required Required
Cement slab or A B
within ground
Note: Where ducts are used for both heating and cool-
ing, the minimum insulation shall be as required for the
most restrictive condition.
~ Insulation may be omitted on that portion of a
duct which is located within a wall or floor-
ceiling space where both sides of this space are
exposed to conditioned air and where this space
is not ventilated or otherwise exposed to un-
conditioned air.
Vapor barriers shall be installed on conditioned
air supply ducts in geographic areas where the
average of the July, August, and September
mean dewpoint temperature exceeds 60° F.
INSULATION TYPES:
A. 0.5-inch 1.5 to 2 lb/cu. ft. duct liner, mineral
or glass fiber blanket
or equivalent to provide an installed thermal
resistance of at least R-2
B. 2 inch 0.60 Ib/cu. ft. mineral or glass fiber
blanket
1.5-inch 1.5 to 2 Ib/cu. ft. duct liner, mineral
or glass fiber blanket
1.5-inch 3 to 7 Ib/cu. ft. mineral or glass
fiber board
or equivalent to provide an installed thermal
resistance of at least R-6
C. 3-inch 0.60 Ib/cu. ft. mineral or glass fiber
blanket
2-inch 1.5 to 2 Ib/cu. ft. duct liner, mineral
or glass fiber blanket
2-inch 3 to 7 Ib/cu. ft. mineral or glass fiber
boa rd
or equivalent to provide an installed thermal
resistance of at least R-8
D. 4-inch 0.60 Ib/cu. ft. mineral or glass fiber
blanket
3-inch 1.5 to 2 Ib/cu. ft. duct liner, mineral
or glass fiber blanket
3-inch 3 to 7 lb/cu. ft. mineral or glass fiber
boa rd
or equivalent to provide an installed thermal
resistance of at least R-12
[ 1041 .
') )
Washington State Register, Issue 85-24
WSR 85-24-028
Vapor barrier, with perm rating not greater
than 0.5 perre, all joints sealed.
Approved weatherproof barrier.
TABLE 4-17
Minimum Pipe Insulation
Insulation Thickness In
Inches for Pipe Sizes"
Fluid Run-
temper- ouls I' 1.25' 2.5" 5" 8"
Piping System ature up to and to to to and
Types range, *F 2"1 less 2" 4' 6' larger
HEATING
AND HOT
WATER
SYSTEMS
Steam and
hot water
High pressure/
temperature 306-450 1.5 2.5 2.5 3.0 3.5 3.5
Med. pressure/
temperature 251-305 1.5 2.0 2.5 2.5 3.0 3,0
Low prcssure/
temperature 201-250 1.0 1.5 1.5 2.0 2.0 2.0
Low temperature 100-200 .5 1.0 1,0 1.5 1.5 1,5
Steam
condensate
(for feed
watcr) Any 1.0 1.0 1.5 Z0 2.0 2.0
COOLING
SYSTEMS
Chilled water 40-55 5 .5 .75 1.0 1.0 1.0
Rcfrigerant, or
brine Below 40 1.0 I0 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
~Runouts not exceeding 12 Feet in length to individual terminal units.
"For piping exposed to outdoor air, increase thickness by .5 inch.
TABLE 4-18
Interior Lighting Power Budgetn
Lighting
Power
Budget"
Group Occupancy Description {W/~q ft)
Assembly w/stage I I
Stage lighting Exempt
Assembly w/o stage: other than B and E I. I
Gasoline service station I 7
Storage garages 0 3
Office buildings 1.7
Wholesale stores 20
Police and fire stations 17
Retail Stores:
less than 6000 s.f. 40
6000 to 20,000 s.f. 3 0
over 20.000 s,f. 20
Drinking and dining establishments I 85
Food preparation task light Exempt
Aircraft hangars - storage 0.7
Process plants3 1,0
Factories and work shops] 1.7
Lighting
Power
Budget2
Group Occupancy Description (W/sq
Storage structures 0.7
E Schools and daycare centers 1.7
Audio-visual presentation lighting Exempt
H Storage structures 0.7
Handling areas 1.7
Paint shops 2.5
Auto repair shops 1.7
Aircraft repair hangars 1.7
I Institutions 1.7
Administrative support areas 1.7
Diagnostic, treatment, food
service task lighting Exempt
R Dwelling units Exempt
Food preparation task lighting Exempt
IWatts/sq. ft. of room may be increased by two percent per foot of
height above 20 feet.
Emer en
g cy exit lighting is exempt from interior lighting budget.
3Lighting that is part of machines or equipment is exempt from this
budget.
CHAPTER 5
BUILDING DESIGN BY SYSTEMS ANALYSIS
AND
BUILDINGS UTILIZING NONDEPLETABLE
ENERGY SOURCES
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-500 SECTION 500. GENERAL.
This chapter establishes design criteria in terms of to-
tal energy use by a building including all of its systems.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-501 SECTION 501. ENERGY
ANALYSIS.
Compliance with this section will require an annual
energy analysis.
A building designed in accordance with this chapter
(the "alternative design building") will comply with this
Code if the annual energy consumption is not greater
than that of a building of similar design (a "standard
design") whose enclosure elements and energy consum-
ing systems are designed in accordance with Chapter 4
or Chapter 6. The calculated energy consumption of the
alternative design shall be subject to a limitation in the
improvement credited to any individual building system
as outlined in Section 503.
"Building of similar design" shall mean a building
utilizing the same energy source(s) for the same rune-
lions and having equal floor area, environmental re-
quirements, occupancy, climate data and usage schedule.
Inputs to the energy analysis relating to occupancy and
usage shall correspond to the expected occupancy and
usage of the building.
The alternative design shall incorporate the applicable
provisions of Section 415 (mechanical system controls),
Section 420(b) (water temperature control), and Section
425 (lighting switching).
I 10sl
WSR 85-24-028 Washington State Register, Issue 85-24
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-502 SECT[ON 502. DESIGN.
The standard design, conforming to the criteria of
Chapter 4 or Chapter 6 and the proposed alternative de-
sign shall be designed on a common basis as specified
herein. The glazing area to be used in the standard de-
sign of low-rise residential occupancy buildings shall not
exceed 15% of the floor area.
The comparison of total energy usage shall be ex-
pressed in Btu per square foot or in KWH per square
foot of gross floor area per year for the standard design
and the alternative design. Comparison of similar ele-
ments, systems or components shall be expressed in di-
mensions or terms accepted by standard engineering
practice.
If the proposed alternative design results in an in-
crease in consumption of one energy source and a de-
crease in another energy source, even though similar
sources are used for similar purposes, the difference in
each energy source shall be converted to equivalent en-
ergy units for purposes of comparing the total energy
used.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-503 SECT[ON 503. ANALYSIS
PROCEDURE.
The analysis of the annual energy usage of the stand-
ard design and the proposed alternative building and
system design shall meet the following criteria:
(a) The building heating/cooling load calcula-
tion procedure used for annual energy con-
sumption analysis shall be of sufficient detail
to permit the evaluation of effect of factors
specified in Section 504.
(b) The calculation procedure used to simulate
the operation of the building and its service
systems through a full year operating period
shall be of sufficient detail to permit the
evaluation of the effect of system design,
climatic factors, operational characteristics,
and mechanical equipment on annual energy
usage. Manufacturer's data or comparable
field test data shall be used when available
in the simulation of all systems and equip-
ment. The calculation procedure shall be
based upon operation of the building and its
service systems through a typical year. Var-
iations in climatic data shall be represented.
(c) The calculation procedure for the standard
design and the proposed alternative design
shall separately identify the energy input to
each of the following systems~ heating, cool-
ing, ventilation, and lighting. The energy in-
put to any other system u~ng over ten
percent of the total energy input shall also
be separately identified. The energy use for
the standard and alternative dcslgns shall be
calculated by summing the energy inputs
assigned to each identified s~tcm and all
other energy inputs not separately identified.
The systems identified, and. to the extent
possible, the assumptions made in assigning
energy inputs to each system, shall be the
same for the standard design and the pro-
posed alternative design. When electrically
driven heat pumps are employed to provide
all or part of the heat for the alternative de-
sign, the standard design shall also, for the
purposes of the analysis, assume that elec-
trically driven heat pumps in conformance
with Section 411 and having capacity at
least as great as those used in the alternative
design are employed.
(d) The energy use assigned to each building
system in the proposed alternative design
shall be as calculated in subsection (c) or
eighty percent of the use calculated for the
same system in the standard design in sub-
section (c), whichever is greater.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-504 SECTION 504. CALCULA-
TION PROCEDURE.
The calculation procedure shall cover the following
items:
(a) Design requirements: Design parameters re-
quired in Chapter 3.
(b) Climatic data: Coincident data for tempera-
tures, solar radiation, wind and humidity of
typical days in the year representing season-
al variation.
(c) Building data: Orientation, size, shape, mass,
air, moisture and heat transfer
characteristics.
(d) Operational characteristics: Temperature,
humidity, ventilation, illumination, control
mode for occupied and unoccupied hours.
(e) Mechanical equipment: Design capacity, part
load profile.
(f) Building loads: Internal heat generation.
lighting, equipment, number of people dur-
ing occupied and unoccupied periods.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-505 SECTION 505. DOCUMENTA-
TION.
A proposed alternative design submitted under this
chapter shall be accompanied by an energy analysis
comparison report. The report shall provide sufficient
technical detail on the two buildings and their systems
and on the data used in and resulting from the compar-
ative analysis to certify that both the analysis and the
designs meet the criteria of this Code.
The Documentation shall demonstrate that the analy-
sis used is consistent with accepted techniques and
procedures.
EXCEPTION: Proposed alternative designs for single
family and two family dwellings and for commercial and
industrial structures having the indoor temperature con-
trolled from a single point need not provide the energy
usage analysis for a full year. A comparison of energy
consumption between the alternative design and the
I to~l
Washington State Register, Issue 85-24 WSR 85-24-028
standard design in a manner which follows approved en-
gineering practices and standards, as approved by the
Building Official, shall be provided.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-506 SECTION 506. BUILDINGS
UTILIZING NONDEPLETABLE ENERGY.
(a) Buildings utilizing solar, geothermal, wind or
other nondepletable energy sources for all or
part of its energy source shall meet the re-
quirements of this chapter of this Code. The
energy derived from the nondepletable
source may be excluded from the total an-
nual energy consumption attributed to the
alternate design building by this chapter.
(b) This section shall also apply to passive cool~
ing processes in lieu of energy consuming
processes.
(c) All other criteria covered in this chapter and
Chapter 4 shall apply to the proposed alter-
native designs utilizing nondepletable sourc-
es of energy.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-507 SECTION 507. DOCUMENTA-
TION-BUILDINGS USING NONDEPLETABLE
ENERGY SOURCES.
Proposed alternative designs, submitted as requests for
exception to the standard design criteria shall be accom-
panied by an energy analysis, as specified in this chapter.
The report shall provide sufficient technical detail on the
alternative building and system designs and on the data
employed in and resulting from the comparative analysis
to verify that both the analysis and the designs meet the
criteria of Chapter 4 and this chapter.
The energy derived from nondepletable sources and
the reduction in conventional energy requirements de-
rived from nocturnal cooling shall be separately identi-
fied from the overall building energy use. Supporting
documentation. on the basis of the performance esti-
mates for the aforementioned nondepletable energy
sources or nocturnal cooling means, must be submitted.
Energy usage must be calculated in accordance with
the design conditions and methods specified in this Code.
CHAPTER 6
PRESCRIPTIVE REQUIREMENTS APPROACH
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-600
(a)
(b)
SECTION 600. GENERAL.
This chapter establishes design criteria in
terms of prescribed requirements for build-
ing construction.
The requirements contained in this chapter
are applicable only to buildings less than
10,000 square feet in gross floor area or
low-rise residential buildings. Other meth-
ods may be used provided a satisfactory de-
sign is submitted showing compliance with
the performance standards of this Code.
(c)
Installed insulation having a minimum R
value as specified in this chapter shall be
accepted as providing the corresponding re-
quired U value.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-601 SECTION 601. LOW-RiSE
RESIDENTIAL BUILDING ENVELOPE RE-
QUIREMENTS.
For all components except for walls, the R values speci-
fied in Table 6-1 are for installed insulation material
only. R values for construction are defined as any com-
bination of rigid-sheathing, loose fill, or batt insulation
that achieves the prescribed R value. Where insulation is
installed in a continuous manner and is not interrupted
by occasional framing members, its R value may be in-
creased bY 20% in determining compliance with the re-
quirements of this table. This allowance does not apply
to insulation of slab on grade or walls.
(a) Walls. The total assembly of opaque exterior
wall sections, walls in finished basements.
and the interior walls exposed to unheated
spaces shall have a thermal resistance R val-
ue not less than the values specified in
Table 6-1. Total wall assembly R values in-
clude values for insulation, sheathing, gyp-
sum-board, air-films, concrete, etc. The
following walls shall be considered to meet
the R-19 total assembly criteria without ad-
ditional documentation:
I. 2" x 6' with installed R-19 bait.
2. 2" x 4" with an installed R-t3 batt
and R-5 insulating sheathing.
3. 2' x 4" with an installed R-I1 bait
and R-5.4 insulating sheathing.
EXCEPTION: Concrete or masonry
foundation walls of unfinished basements
that have one foot or less of the wall above
grade need not be insulated until finished,
provided that:
A. Any frame walls comply with the
requirements of Table 6-1:
B. The rim-joists are properly insu-
lated;
C, All walls that are more than an
average of one foot above grade
are insulated to meet the require-
ments of Table 6-1.
(b) Roof/ceiling. The roof/ceiling assembly shall
have a thermal resistance R value not less
than the value specified for the indicated
type of construction in Table 6-1.
EXCEPTION: Insulation levels in the
case of single rafter or joist vaulted ceilings.
These types of ceilings may be insulated to a
level of R-30, regardless of space heat type.
(c) Thermal Design Standards for Floors.
1. Slab on Grade Floors. For slab on
grade floors, the thermal resistance of
the insulation around the perimeter of
the floor shall not be less than the val-
ue given in Table 6-1.
[ 1071
WSR 85-24-028 Washington State Register, Issue 85-24
Insulation installed inside the founda-
tion shall extend downward from the
top of the slab for a minimum dis-
lance of 24 inches; or downward to
the bottom of the slab, then horizon-
tally beneath the slab for a minimum
total distance of 24 inches. Insulation
installed outside the foundation shall
extend downward a minimum of 6
inches below grade but not less than
to the frostllne and need not extend
deeper than to the top of the footing.
2. Floor Sections. Floor sections over un-
heated spaces, such as unheated base-
merits, unheated garages or ventilated
crawl spaces, shall be constructed to
comply with the required values as
specified in Table 6-1.
EXCEPTION: Insulation may
be omitted from floor areas over
heated basements, heated garages, or
under floor areas used as HVAC pie-
nums or where operable foundation
vents are used and when foundation
walls are insulated. When foundation
walls are insulated in accordance with
Section 601(a). the insulation shall be
attached in a permanent manner.
(d) Thermal Design Standards for Openings.
I. At a minimum, all windows must be
double glazed, and are classed accord-
ing to U values as shown on
Table 6-2. Glazing requirements are
listed in Table 6-4.
2. At a minimum, all skylights must be
double glazed. The area of Class 90
skylights and Class 90 exterior win-
dows sloped more than 30° from the
vertical shall be doubled and this area
included in the percentage of the total
glazing area as allowed for in
Table 6-4. Class 75 or Class 60 glaz-
ing in skylights or Class 75 or Class
60 windows sloped more than 30°
from the vertical need not be doubled.
3. Single glazing for ornamental, securi-
ty or architectural purposes shall have
its area doubled and shall be included
in the percentage of the total glazing
area as allowed for in Table 6-4. The
maximum area (before doubling) al-
Iowed for the total of all single glazing
is I% of the floor area.
(e) Air Leakage.
1. Windows and Doors. All windows
within a wall and doors shall conform
to the air infiltration requirements
specified in Section 405. Site built
windows shall be constructed to mini-
mize leakage.
EXCEPTION: Openings re-
quired to be protected by tire resistire
I t08l
assemblies are exempt from this
section.
2. Exterior joints around windows and
door frames, openings between walls
and foundations, between walls and
roof and between wall panels; open-
ings at penetrations of utility services
through walls, floors and roofs; and all
other such openings in the building
envelope shall be sealed, caulked,
gasketed, or weatherstripped to limit
air leakage.
Moisture Control. Vapor retarders shall be
installed on the warm side (in winter) of in-
sulation as specified in the following cases:
I. Walls separating conditioned space
from unconditioned space shall have a
vapor retarder installed when thermal
insulation is installed. The vapor
retarder shall have a one perm dry
cup rating or less. Inset stapled baits
with a facing with a perm rating less
than one may be installed if staples
are placed not more than (8) inches
on center and gaps between the facing
and the framing do not exceed (I/16)
of an inch.
2. Roof/ceilings:
A. Roof/ceiling assemblies where
the ventilation space above the
insulation is less than an average
of twelve (12) inches shall be
provided with a vapor retarder
having a dry cup perm rating of
1.0 or less.
B. Vapor retarders shall not be re-
quired in roof/ceiling assemblies
where the ventilation space above
the insulation averages twelve
(12) inches or greater.
C. Vapor retarders shall not be re-
quired where all of the insulation
is installed between the roof
membrane and the structural roof
deck.
D. Vapor retarders with a 1.0 or less
dry cup perm rating shall be in-
stalled in roof/ceiling assemblies
where the insulation is comprised
of insulation between the roofing
membrane and the structural roof
decking and insulation below the
structural roof decking.
3. Ground Cover.
A ground cover of 4 mil (0.004 inch
thick) polyethylene or approved equ,lt
shall be laid over the ground within
crawl spaces. The ground cover sh,tll
be overlapped twelve (12) inches mm
imum at joints and shall extend
the top of the footing.
(g)
(h)
Washington State
EXCEPTION: The ground cov-
er may be omitted in unheated crawl
spaces if the crawl space has a con-
crete slab floor with a minimum
thickness of 3-1/2 inches.
General Requirements for Loose Fill Insula-
tion. Blown or poured loose fill insulation
may be used in attic spaces where the slope
of the ceiling is not more than 3 feet in 12
feet and there is at least 30 inches of clear
distance from the top of the bottom chord of
the truss or ceiling joist to the underside of
the roof sheathing at the roof ridge. When
cave vents are installed, baffling of the vent
openings shall be provided so as to deflect the
incoming air above the surface of the
insulation.
Space Heat Type. The following four cate-
gories comprise all space heating types:
1. Electric Resistance. Space heating
systems which include baseboard
units, radiant units, and forced air
units as either the primary or second-
ary heating system.
EXCEPTIONS: Electric resis-
tance elements which are integral to
either heat pump or passive solar
heating systems (as defined below), or
when the total electric heat capacity
in each individual dwelling unit does
not exceed the greater of: 1) 1,000
watts per dwelling, or: 2) 1.0 watt per
square foot of the gross floor area.
2. Electric, Passive Solar. Electric resis-
tance space heating systems which
utilize solar energy to provide a por-
tion of the building's heating load. A
Passive Solar System is required to
have at least ten (10) percent of the
building's gross floor area in glazing
that meets the specifications of Sec-
tion 601(i).
3. Other. Includes all gas, wood (not
meeting the provisions of Section 102
(a)2), oil, propane, and electric heat
pump space heating systems, unless
electric resistance is used as a second-
ary heating system. (See EXCEP-
TIONS, Electric Resistance, Section
601 (h) I. above.) Nonelectric heat
pump heating systems are also includ-
ed in this category.
4. Other, Passive Solar. Other types of
space heating systems which utilize
solar energy to provide a portion of
the building's heating load. A Passive
Solar System is required to have at
least ten (10) percent of the building's
gross floor area in glazing that meets
the specifications of Section 601 (i).
Register, Issue 85-24
WSR 85-24-028
6)
Passive Solar Glazing. Glazing areas are re-
quired to meet the following criteria in order
to be .considered Passive Solar Glazing.
1. Glazing areas are required to meet the
"Electric, Passive Solar" and "Other,
Passive Solar" glazing requirements of
Table 6-4.
2. The south glazing shall be oriented
within 45 degrees of true south.
3. The glazing shall be mounted at least
60 degrees up from the horizontal.
4. The glazing shall have a transmission
coefficient greater than or equal to
0.80 for visible light or greater than or
equal to 0.73 for total solar radiation.
5. Documentation shall be provided in
the form of a sun chart, a photograph,
or approved evidence, demonstrating
that the glazing area shall not be
shaded for at least 4 hours between 8
a.m. and 4 p.m. standard time on
January 21 and March 21.
6. The building shall contain a heat ca-
pacity equal to a four inch concrete
slab. The heat capacity shall be equiv-
alent to at least 20 Btu/degree F-ft2
for each square foot of south glazing
when the south glazing area is be-
tween 10% and 14% of the building's
gross floor area, and at least 45
Btu/degree F-ft: for each square foot
of south glazing when the south area
glazing exceeds 14 percent of gross
floor area. In buildings with south
glazing area between 10% and 14% of
gross floor area, the heat capacity
provided by a four inch concrete slab
shall be deemed sufficient: This heat
storage capacity shall be located in-
side the insulated shell of the structure
and not covered with insulation mate-
rials, such as carpet, which yield an R
value of 1.0 or greater. If the storage
medium is not within the space con-
taining the south glazing, an approved
natural or mechanical means of trans-
ferring the heat to the heat storage
medium shall be provided. Heat slot-
age capacity shall be calculated using
the below equation and/or accepted
anaiytical methods:
DxSHxV
HS=
Where:
HS --
Heat Storage. The
heat storage capacity
available inside the
insulated space.
Volume of heat stor-
age components.
[10~] ' '
WSR 85-24-028 Washington State Register, Issue 85-24
SH --
Density of material
inside the insulated
shell of the building to
a depth yielding a
thermal resistance
of R-I, except in the
case of slab floors
where only the slab it-
self is credited. Mass
located in conditioned
or unconditioned base-
ments without solar
glazing shall not be
counted (Ibs/cu ft).
Specific heat of the
material (Btu/Ib/*F).
(.j) Ventilation: Enclosed joist or rafter spaces
formed where ceilings are applied directly to
the under side of roof joists or rafters must
have joists or rafters of sufficient size to pro-
vide a minimum of one inch clear vented air
space above the insulation (see also Section
3205 (c) of UBC). Ceiling insulation may be
tapered or compressed at the perimeter to
permit proper venting.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-602 SECTION 602. LOW-RISE
RESIDENTIAL BUILDING MECHANICAL SYS-
TEMS.
All HVAC devices, components and their elements
shall conform to the requirements of this section.
(a) Heating and Mechanical Cooling Devices.
1. All heating and mechanical cooling
devices shall meet the required
ciency factor specified herein or in
Tables 4-12, 4-13, 4-14, and 4-15,
6-3, and 6-4, for the specific type of
device.
2. Combustion Heating Equipment. All
gas and oil-fired heating equipment
shall meet the minimum combustion
efficiencies as specified in Table 6-4.
3. Fireplaces shall be provided with:
A. Tightly fitting flue dampers, op-
erated with a readily accessible
manual or approved automatic
control.
EXCEPTION: Fireplaces
with gas logs installed in accord-
ance with UMC 803 shall be
equipped with tightly fitting glass
or metal doors.
B. An outside source for combustion
air. The duct shall be at least six
square inches in area, and shall
be provided with a readily opera-
hie damper.
4. Calculation of Heating and Cooling
Loads. Heating and cooling design
loads for the purpose of sizing HVAC
[ n01
(b)
(c)
systems are required and shall be cal-
culated in accordance with accepted
.. engineering practice. The design pa-
rameters specified in Chapter 3 shall
apply for all computations.
HVAC equipment for low-rise resi-
dential buildings shall be sized no
greater than 150 percent of the design
load as calculated above.
EXCEPTION: The following
exemption from the sizing limit shall
be allowed, however, in all cases heat-
ing and/or cooling design load calcu-
lations shall be submitted. For
equipment which provides both heat-
ing and cooling in one package unit,
including heat pumps with electric
heating and cooling and gas-pack
units with gas heating and electric
cooling, compliance need only be
demonstrated for either the space
heating or space cooling system size.
Temperature Control.
Each heating system shall be provided with
at least one thermostat for the regulation of
temperature. Each thermostat shall be capa-
ble of being set as follows:
Where used to control heating only--55-
75°;
Where used to control cooling only--70-
85°;
Where used to control both heating and
cooling, it shall conform to the requirements
of Section 415.
Zoning for Temperature Control.
1. Group R-3 Occupancy
At least one thermostat for regulation
of space temperature shall be provided
for each separate HVAC system. In
addition, a readily accessible manual
or automatic means shall be provided
to partially restrict or shut off the
heating or cooling input to each zone
or floor.
EXCEPTION: Nonconditioned
basements and garages.
2. Group R-1 Occupancy,
For multifamily dwellings, each indi-
vidual dwelling unit shall be consid-
ered separately and shall meet the
requirements of Section 602. Spaces
other than living units shall meet the
requirements of section 415 (c) 1.
3. Control Setback and Shutoff: Group
R-1 and R-3.
The thermostat required in (a) and
(b) or an alternate means such as a
switch or clock, shall provide a readily
accessible, manual or automatic
means for reducing the energy re-
quired for heating and cooling during
Iperiods of nonuse or reduced need
Washington State
such as, but not limited to, unoccupied
periods and sleeping hours. Lowering
thermostat set points to reduce energy
consumption of heating systems shall
not cause energy to be expended to
reach the reduced setting.
4. Duct Insulation.
All ducts. piehums and enclosures in-
stalled in or on buildings shall be
thermally insulated and constructed in
accordance with Section 416.
5. Pipe Insulation.
All piping installed to serve buildings
or within buildings shall be thermally
insulated in accordance with Table 4-
17.
EXCEPTION: For service wa-
ter heating systems, see Section 603.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-603 SECTION 603. LOW-RISE
RESIDENTIAL BUILDING SERVICE WATER
HEATING.
Water heating storage tanks, boilers and piping for all
water heating systems shall be installed in accordance
with the following:
(a) Temperature Controls.
Service water heating systems shall be
equipped with automatic temperature con-
trols capable of adjustment from the lowest
to the highest acceptable temperature set-
tings for the intended use.
(b) Swimming Pools.
Heated swimming pools shall be equipped
with:
I. A pool cover at the surface of the
water.
2. A label on the pool heater that pro-
vides the following information: (the
following recommendations replace
requirements for temperature and
on/off controls):
Pool heating--78°F is the recom-
mended healthful swimming pool tem-
perature for most people. The water
heater thermostat should be set at
78°F, marked to identify the setting.
and further adjustments should be
discouraged. An increase of 4°F (such
as from 78°F to 82°F) could increase
energy consumption by as much as 40
percent.
Filter system--the time clock for
operating the filter system should be
set to operate the filter system for the
minimum number of hours of opera-
tion required to maintain clean and
healthful pool water.
Pool cover--it is recommended that
the pool be covered except when the
pool is in use. Use of the cover can cut
Register, Issue 85-24
WSR 85-24-028
pool heating costs by as much as 70
percent.
(c) Pump Operation.
Circulating hot water systems shall be ar-
ranged so that the circulating pump(s) can
be conveniently turned off, automatically or
manually, when the hot water system is not
in operation.
(d) Pipe Insulation for Recirculating Systems.
All recirculating system piping installed to
serve buildings (and within) shall be ther-
mally insulated in accordance with Section
422.
(e) Showers.
Showers used for other than safety reasons
shall be equipped with flow control devices
to limit total flow to a maximum of 3 gpm
per shower head.
(f) Water Heater.
Gas, oil-fired water heaters, and electric
storage water heaters must meet the re-
quirements of ASHRAE Standards 90A-80,
and be so labeled.
All electric water heaters in unheated spaces
shall be placed on an incompressible, insu-
lated surface with a minimum thermal resis-
tance of R-10. Electric water heaters placed
on floors insulated to a minimum of R-10
shall be deemed to meet with this
requirement.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-604 SECTION 604. LOW-RISE
RESIDENTIAL BUILDING ELECTRICAL POWER
AND LIGHTING.
The electrical power distribution and lighting systems
shall conform to the requirements of section 424, et seq.
EXCEPTION: One and Two-family detached dwell-
ings and the dwelling portion of multifamily buildings
are exempt from the requirements of this section.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-605 SECTION 605. BUILDING
ENVELOPE REQUIREMENTS FOR OTHER
THAN LOW-RISE RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS.
(a) Opaque Envelope Criteria. Roof/ceilings,
exterior walls, floors over unconditioned
space, below grade walls and slab on grade
floors enclosing heated spaces shall be insu-
lated to not less than the nominal R value
specified for roof/ceilings, exterior walls,
floors over unconditioned space, below grade
walls and slab on grade floors, respectively,
in Table No. 6-5. Roof/ceilings enclosing
mechanically cooled spaces shall be insulated
to not less than the nominal R value specified
for roof/ceilings in Table No. 6-5. Compli-
ance with nominal R values shall be demon-
strated for the thermal resistance of the
added insulation in framing cavities and/or
[111l
W'SR 85-24-028 Washington State Register, Issue 85-24
(b)
(c)
insulated sheathing only and shall not in-
clude the thermal transmittance of other
building materials or air films, but shall per-
mit interruption by occasional framing
members.
Installation of materials shall comply with
Section 402 (d) and (e). In addition, below
grade wall insulation shall extend from the
top of the wall to the top of the footing or
floor slab. Slab on grade floor insulation shall
be installed along the entire perimeter of slab
on grade floors, except for any part of slab
which extends into an unconditioned space
such as a garage, and shall extend downward
from the top of the slab to the top of the
footing or to the bottom of the thickened
edge of a monolithic slab or for a minimum
distance of 24 inches or downward to the
bottom of the slab then horizontally beneath
the slab for a minimum total distance of 24
inches and shall be an approved type.
Glazing Criteria. All glazing shall be, at a
minimum, double glazing. Insulating glass
with at least 1/4 inch air space or approved
storm sash will be considered as complying.
The total glazing area shall not exceed the
percentage of gross exterior wall area speci-
fied in Table No. 6-5.
EXCEPTION: Single glazing in doors
may be installed provided that the glazing
area is doubled for the purpose of demon-
strating compliance with the glazing area
requirements.
Air Leakage. All buildings shall comply with
the air leakage requirement of Section 405.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-606 SECTION 606. BUILDING
MECHANICAL SYSTEMS REQUIREMENTS FOR
OTHER THAN LOW-RISE RESIDENTIAL
BUILDINGS.
All building mechanical systems shall comply with the
requirements of Sections 406 to 418, inclusive.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-607 SECTION 607. SERVICE
WATER HEATING REQUIREMENT FOR OTHER
THAN LOW-RISE RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS.
All service water heating systems shall comply with the
requirements of Sections 420 to 423, inclusive
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-12-608 SECTION 608. ELECTRICAL
POWER AND LIGHTING REQUIREMENTS FOR
OTHER THAN LOW-RISE RESIDENTIAL
BUILDINGS.
All electrical power and lighting systems shall comply
with the requirements of Sections 424 to 426. inclusive.
TABLE 6-1
Low-rise Residential Buildings
Minimum (average) Allowed R ValuesI
Climatic Roof Slab
on~
Space Heat Type Zone Ceilings2 DecksWalls Floors Grade
Electric Resistance I 38 38 19 19 8
Electric, Passive Solar I 30 30 19 19 8
Other I 30 30 19 19 8
Other, Passive Solar I 30 30 19 t9 8
Electric Resistance II 38 38 19 25 I0
Electric, Passive Solar II 30 30 19 19 10
Other It 30 30 19 19 10
Other, Passive Solar II 30 30 19 19 l0
n R values, except for walls, are for installed insulation material only.
2R-30 in single rafter, joist vaulted ceilings.
3Insulation shall be water-resistant material manufactured for this
Use.
Class
TABLE 6-2
Low-rise Residential Buildings
Classes of Glazing
Window Thermal
U-Value Testing Requirement~
90 .90 U ritested
90 Greater than .75 Tested
75 .61 to .75 Tested
60 Less than .61 Tested
'See DEFINITIONS, Section 223. WINDOW THER-
MAL TESTING.
TABLE 6-3
Low-rise Residential Buildings
Heat Pump Minimum Efficiencies
Source and Outdoor Class I Class 2
Temperature (°F) COP HSPF COP
Air Source - 47 dB/43 WB 2.7
Air Source - 17 dB/43 WB 1.8
Air Source
Water Source - 60 entering 3.0
Ground Source 3.0
6.35
2.5
1.5
2.5
3.0
HSPF
560
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Washington State Register, Issue 85-24 WSR 85-24-029
TABLE 6 4
Low-rise Residential Buildings
Glazing and Furnace
Efficiency Requirements
Maximum Percentage
Climate or Floor Area Ghzing
Space Heat Type Zone in Glazing
Hcat
Pump
Class AFUE* Class
Electric Resistance
Electric, Passive
Solar
Other
Other
Other, Passive Solar
Electric Resistance
Electric, Passive
So}ar
Other
Other
Other, Passive Solar
21% 60 n/a
21% 60 n/a n/a
21% 75 .65 2
21% 90 .74 I
21% 90 .65 2
17% 60 n/a n/a
17% 60 n/a n/a
17% 75 .65 2
17% 90 .74 I
17% 90 .65 2
*AFUE applies only to central heating equipment. All other types of
heating equipment fueled by gas, oil, or propane musl be equipped
with an intermittent ignition device in order to use Class I glazing.
TABLE NO. 6-5
All Other than Low-rise Residential Buildings
Component Requirements
Component Zone I Zone 11
Space Conditioning Any Any
System Type
Opaque Envelope
Minimum Nominal R Value
Roof/Ceilings R-30 R-30
Exterior Walls R-11 R-I I
Floors over
Unconditioned Space R-1 l R-I I
Below Grade WallsI R-4 R-5
Slab on Grade FloorsI R-8 R-10
Glazing
Type Double Double
Maximum Total Area
(Percent of Gross
Exterior Wall) 32% 22%
~lnsulation shall be water-resistant material manufac-
tured for this use.
WSR 85-24-029
ADOPTED RULES
BUILDING CODE COUNCIL
[Order 85-13--Filed November 26, 1985--Eff. June I I, 1986t
Be it resolved by the State Building Code Council,
acting at the Kent City Hall, Kent, Washington, that it
does adopt the annexed rules relating to update and
amendment of the State Building Code by adoption of
the 1985 edition~ of the following codes: Uniform Build-
ing Code and Uniform Building Code Standards; Uni-
form Mechanical Code; Uniform Fire Code and
Uniform Fire Code Standards; and Uniform Plumbing
Code and Uniform Plumbing Code Standards.
This action is taken pursuant to Notice No. WSR 85-
18-058 filed With the code reviser on September 3, 1985.
These rules shall take effect at a later date, such date
being June I I, 1986.
This rule is promulgated pursuant to chapter 360,
Laws of 1985, and is intended to administratively imple-
ment that statute.
This rule is promulgated pursuant to section 2, chap-
ter 360, Laws of 1985, which directs that the State
Building Code Council has authority to implement the
provisions of chapter 19.27 RCW as amended by chap-
ter 360, Laws of 1985.
The undersigned hereby declares that the agency has
complied with the provisions of the Open Public Meet-
ings Act (chapter 42.30 RCW), the Administrative Pro-
cedure Act (chapter 34.04 RCW), and the State
Register Act (chapter 34.08 RCW) in the adoption of
these rules.
APPROVED AND ADOPTED November 15, 1985.
By Lynn Carmichael
Chair
Chapter 51-16 WAC
State Building Code Update and Amendment
Adoption of the 1985 Editions of the Uniform Codes
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-16-010 AUTHORITY. These rules are
adopted under the authority of section 2, chapter 360,
Laws of 1985.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-16M320 PURPOSE. The purpose of these
rules is to implement the provisions of Chapter 360, laws
of 1985, which provides that the State Building Code
Council shall maintain the State Building Code in a
status which is consistent with the purpose as set forth in
section 6 of the act. In maintaining the codes the council
shall regularly review updated versions of the codes
adopted under the act, and other pertinent information,
and shall amend the codes as deemed appropriate by the
council.
NEW SECTION
WAC 51-16-030 UNIFORM BUILDING CODE
AND UNIFORM BUILDING CODE STANDARDS.
The 1985 edition of the Uniform Building Code, and the
1985 edition of the Uniform Building Code Standards as
published by the International Conference of Building
Officials is hereby adopted by reference with the follow-
ing additions:
(1) The following definition shall be added to section
420, chapter 4 of the Uniform Building Code:
[ tt31 '